Abstract:
Problem statement: Climate change and its consequences influence all environmental, social, and economic
conditions of cities. One of the most important ideas to overcome urban issues is implementing urban
greening (UG) to improve the ecology and sustainability of cities; however, the manner of adopting this idea is
facing numerous challenges. In recent years, Nature-based Solutions (NbS) have proposed an emerging and
comprehensive concept for solving the ecological and social challenges of cities at macro and micro levels.
Research objective: The main goal of the research is to identify and analyze the concept of NbS in solving the
challenge of managing urban green structures from both theoretical and practical dimensions. Based on this
concept, the current research to answer the question of how and in what dimensions NbS, as a comprehensive
concept, may support the process of greening cities.
Research mthod: This study investigates the concepts and principles of NBS and extracts its features by
applying the systematic review of theoretical foundations and adopting the analytical method; it is followed
by targeting the added values and its conceptual and operational obstacles by addressing the concept of UG.
Conclusion: NbS as a transdisciplinary and collaborative concept, by considering the dynamics of the
environment, suggests planning for long-term projects with specific solutions for each place while preserving
natural, biological, and cultural values to solve the complex challenges. Most of the features and principles of
these solutions overlap with UG concepts, and from the operational aspect, they are a suitable and relatively
comprehensive approach for implementing the desired concepts compared to UG approaches. However,
a more precise definition is required to address the conceptual nature of NbS, as they are still encountering
theoretical and practical obstacles. These conceptual barriers trigger both basic concepts and explanations
of perceptual dimensions, while the implementation barriers consist of weak communication between
organizations, and between them and the related stakeholders, which includes the temporal-spatial dimensions
as well. According to the three-case method (‘concept’, ‘principles & characteristics’, and ‘implementation
processes’), the study mainly focuses on two main categories to remove obstacles: 1) considering the features
of entirety and multiplicity to resolve the conceptual obstacles, 2) defining the principles of Realism and
the applicability, process-based concept, and acceptability of solutions in eliminating the implementation
obstacles.