چکیده:
Tepe Sagzabad, a site situated on the Qazvin Plain of north-central Iran, was excavated from 1970 to 1998 by the Institute of Archaeology of Tehran University. Recent excavations by H. Tala’i (1997-1999) yielded some metal artifacts dating to the Early Iron Age. Ten of these copper-based samples were investigated using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), scanning electron microscopy combined with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM- EDX) and optical microscopy (OM). The results of these analyses showed that the metal objects at Tepe Sagzabad are made of different copper alloys, including: pure copper, copper-arsenic and copper-tin. In addition, multiple procedures, including hot-working, cold-working, and annealing were used as manufacturing techniques. The copper-based objects from Tepe Sagzabad provide evidence for the continued use of pure copper and arsenical copper alongside tin bronzes on the Iranian Plateau during the Early Iron Age.
خلاصه ماشینی:
"Preliminary Metallurgical Investigation of Copper-Based Artifacts at Tepe Sagzabad in Qazvin Plain, Iran (1500-800 BC) Mohammad Mortazavi 1,*, Ahmad Salehi Kakhki 1 , Mohammad Ali Golozar 2, Hassan Tala’i 3 1 Faculty of Conservation, Art University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran 2 Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran 3 Department of Archaeology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran (Received: 18/07/2011; Received in Revised form: 22/08/2011 ; Accepted: 08/09/2011) Tepe Sagzabad, a site situated on the Qazvin Plain of north-central Iran, was excavated from 1970 to 1998 by the Institute of Archaeology of Tehran University.
Tala’i (1997-1999) yielded some metal artifacts dating to the Early Iron Age. Ten of these copper-based samples were investigated using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), scanning electron microscopy combined with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM- EDX) and optical microscopy (OM).
The results of these analyses showed that the metal objects at Tepe Sagzabad are made of different copper alloys, including: pure copper, copper-arsenic and copper-tin.
The copper-based objects from Tepe Sagzabad provide evidence for the continued use of pure copper and arsenical copper alongside tin bronzes on the Iranian Plateau during the Early Iron Age. Keywords: Sagzabad, Qazvin Plain, Iranian Plateau, Archaeometallurgy, Copper alloys, Iron Age Introduction rchaeological evidences emphasizes Iranian Plateau, rich in raw material, as one of the origins of metallurgy occured in Southwest Asia (Pigott 2004a: 28).
(به تصویر صفحه مراجعه شود) Table 4: Elemental composition (wt%) of inclusions detemined by EDX analyses Microstructural Investigation All samples, except the thin sheet tube, were examined to reveal their microstructures using optical microscope and SEM.
Discussion Results obtained from ICP and EDX analyses of the copper-based objects from Tepe Sagzabad showed different elemental compositions."