چکیده:
The group calling itself the Islamic State poses a grave threat, not just to Iraq and Syria butto the region more broadly and to the United States, as well as its global coalition partners.A deadly and adaptive foe, the Islamic State seemed to come out of nowhere in June 2014,when it conquered Mosul, Iraq’s second largest city. However, the Islamic State of today isthe direct descendant of a group that Iraq, the United States, and their partners once foughtas al-Qaida in Iraq and then as the Islamic State of Iraq.Analysts and specialists had already spent years studying the group and actually knewquite a bit about it: how it financed and organized itself, how it established control, how itresponded to airpower, and what its ultimate goals were. The Republican meme is thatevery problem, including in the Middle East, is Barack Obama’s fault. Althoughemphasizing independence and self-reliance for America, they deny responsibility andaccountability for their party. According to the GOP, George W. Bush left America and theworld secure. The feckless Obama administration allowed the collapse of Iraq and rise of the Islamic State.For instance, Jeb Bush defended his brother’s policies. He cited the "brilliant, heroic,and costly" success of the Iraqi troop surge, asking "why was the success of the surgefollowed by a withdrawal from Iraq, leaving not even the residual force that commandersand the joint chiefs knew was necessary?" He complained that "now we have the creationof ISIS." In contrast, he contended, "had we kept the 10,000 troop commitment that wasthere for the President to negotiate and to agree with, we probably wouldn’t have ISIS rightnow." Bush declared that "The one thing about my brother: he kept us safe
خلاصه ماشینی:
2015 _________________________________________________________________________ Abstract The group calling itself the Islamic State poses a grave threat, not just to Iraq and Syria butto the region more broadly and to the United States, as well as its global coalition partners.
In January 2006, it joined other Sunni insurgent groups to form the Mujahideen Shura Council, which proclaimed the formation of the Islamic State of Iraq (ISI) in October 2006.
In Syria, the group has conducted ground attacks on both government forces and rebel factions in the Syrian Civil War. The group gained prominence after it drove Iraqi government forces out of key cities in western Iraq in an offensive initiated in early 2014.
US Dual Approaches Toward Middle East Crisis More than two dozen Coalition partners, led by the United States, have contributed to the military campaign in Iraq and Syria, conducting over 7,200 air strikes to date and training and providing equipment and ammunition to local partners.
They do, however, illustrate how close Iraq is to a failed state, the secular forces that divide it, and the full range of challenges that the Iraqi government must deal with challenges that go far beyond ISIS and the current popular demonstrations over corruption and electric power that began in August 2015.
It coincided with a growing civil war in Syria, and laid the ground work for the rise of ISIS, the decay of already weak and incompetent security forces, and a level of popular Sunni hostility in Western Iraq that made it uniquely vulnerable to the ISIS invasion that began in December 2003.