چکیده:
امروزه در دنیای فارغ از ساختارهای مرزی، سیستم های پیچیده و غیرخطی سکونتگاهی شهرها با مخاطرات متعددی روبرو هستند و قابلیت پیشبینی پایینی دارند که در این میان، زلزله بارزترین آنهاست. در منطقه شمال غرب ایران، شهر زنجان در محاصره سه گسل خطرناک زنجان در شمال، سلطانیه در جنوب و گسل بیاتلر در غرب قرار دارد. این مقاله با شناسایی شاخصها و عوامل موثر، میزان تابآوری کالبدی نواحی شهری زنجان را در برابر زلزله مورد ارزیابی قرار میدهد. دادههای بهکاررفته، براساس معیارهای موثر در ارزیابی تابآوری شامل: کیفیت بنا، مصالح بنا (نوع سازه)، نمای بنا، عمر بنا، دانهبندی ساختمان، سطح تراکم ساختمان و سازگاری کاربری، با استفاده از مدل تصمیمگیری چند معیاره تودیم، تحلیل گردیدهاند. نتایج حاصل از مطالعه نشان میدهد که با توجه به معیارهای ارزیابی تابآوری کالبدی در ۲۵ ناحیه شهری زنجان، غالبا قسمتهای شمالی، شرقی و شمال شرقی از تابآوری بالایی برخوردار هستند. یعنی نواحی منطبق بر بافت جدید و نسبتا جدید شهری با 25103 نفر جمعیت بهعنوان ارزیابی کاملا تاب آور و نواحی منطبق بر بافت قدیم، فرسوده و غیررسمی در جهات جنوب، جنوب غرب و شمال غرب مانند اسلامآباد، ترانس و بیسیم، فاطمیه، مسجد یری و دباغلار جمعا با 107267 نفر جمعیت با تابآوری بسیار ضعیف شناخته شدند. این در حالی است که مطابق آمارنامه جمعیتی ۱۳۹۲، این نواحی جزو پرجمعیتترین قسمتهای شهر به شمار میروند. با توجه به بحث فوق و خطوط گسل زلزله که از دو طرف شهر زنجان عبور میکند بایستی اقدامات استحکامی و امنیتی در سطح بسیار بالایی هم در مسیر شریانهای زیرساختی و هم عناصر کالبدی به اجرا درآید و بهویژه در توسعه درونزای شهری بایستی مقاومسازی براساس مقررات ساختمانی استاندارد ۲۸۰۰ و ساختار جغرافیایی منطقه انجام پذیرد.
Iran, due to its geographical location and its human and environmental characteristics including those at risk of natural hazards there. In the area northwestern Iran, Zanjan city in three dangerous fault ,Zanjan in the north, fault Soltanieh in south and Byatlar located in West And based on a hazard map for earthquake country, prepared by the International Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Seismology as well as Based on Earthquake Resistant Design of Buildings (Regulations 2800) prepared by the Research Center, Department of Housing and Urban Development and Urban Country, the relative risk of high-grade is zone. A major part of the Physical structures of Zanjan in recent decades regardless of the strength and stability of the regulations, such as Regulations 2800 is applied.On the other hand the lack of required data, including geometric and non-geometric data of the infrastructure and buildings in the city Such as the problems that have not been noted. Accordingly, this study examines the relationship between resilience Zanjan city's Against Earthquake And indicators and factors affecting resilience Physical and infrastructure to identify And will evaluate the resiliency Physical and infrastructure in the city of the study.
The results of scientific and experimental studies in the field of natural hazards and the head of the earthquake, in the last few decades shows That the best way to deal with these risks, is be more resilient settlement in different dimensions. Settlements in risk reduction approach, resilient system that can temporarily or permanently absorb risks And with conditions changing rapidly, adapted without losing its function.
In this study, the analysis and evaluation; the region and evaluation criteria include Quality building, types of structures building, Old building, facade building, building density, particle size distribution and land use compatibility. With the explanation that in the analysis of the dimensions and physical infrastructure and support multi-criteria decision-making methods (model Todim) and produced for the processing of the above mentioned methods, is used Arc GIS software. This study is applied and in terms of methodology, quantitative comparative and analytical. This study from to goal ,applied and in terms of methodology, quantitative- comparative and analytical.
International :::union::: strategy for disaster risk reduction program titled "Strengthening the resilience of nations and communities to disasters" in the Hyogo Framework for 2005 to 2015 plan adopted, The program, in addition to reducing vulnerability of communities in crisis, will tend to increase and improve the resilience of communities.
Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA) to motivate more active at the global level in the wake of the International Decade for Disaster Reduction natural framework (2000-1990) and Yokohama Strategy adopted in 1994 and the International Strategy on Disaster Reduction (UNISDR) in 1999, was formed. After the Hyogo Framework period (2015-2005) in order to improve the resilience of nations and communities to disaster, Sendai framework (2030-2015) aimed at the Third World Conference of the United Nations Disaster Risk Reduction in Sendai, Japan in dated March 18, 2015 was adopted.
Generally, in this paper, according to the definitions and objectives resilience, resilience include: 1. The destruction and damage that a system can absorb, without being out of equilibrium, 2. The ability of a system to organize and self-renewal in different situations and 3. Create and increasing learning capacity and strengthen the system's ability to cope with the situation.
In this study, the analysis and evaluation; district and Evaluation criteria include the quality, type of structure, building, old building, the facade of the building, building density, particle size distribution and consistent user. With the explanation that in the analysis of the dimensions and physical infrastructure and support multi-criteria decision-making methods (Todim,s model) And for processing materials produced by the above mentioned methods, GIS software ARC GIS, is used. Todim,s technique is one of the techniques used to solve multi-criteria decision making problems. The technique using pairwise comparisons among decision criteria, accidental incompatibilities of this comparisons to remove it. In this study, according to seven criteria affecting the physical dimensions and infrastructure (quality building, building structures, old building, the facade of the building, building density, particle size distribution and consistent user) to assess the resilience of the 24 districts in Zanjan, a matrix of 24 * 7 production was.
After performing calculations according to the formulas described in steps 1 and 2 of this technique, the performance of each supplier to obtain. Finally, according to the formula Step 3 to obtain the minimum and maximum for each criterion to rank the areas according to the values 0 and 1 action. The highest value obtained from the best available option. This study is applied and in terms of methodology, quantitative comparative and analytical.
Our results can be inferred from That regions corresponding to the North and East of Zanjan due to Old low and relatively new texture That neighborhoods Zibashahr, Amirkabir and PayenKoh, Golestan Andishe and Daneshgah alley, Golshahr Kazemieh, poonak, Vahidieh and Ansarieh covered And most have regular access to the local system and network resilience were presented. But the central and southern parts of city, That old and historic neighborhoods such as Hosseinieh and Bazar, Yidde Borogh, Yery mosque and Dbaghlar are included ,Because of Ancient and worn out textur and also Islamabad Neighborhoods, trans and Bisim, Fatmieh as problematic texture, the degree of resilience of poor and very poor were evaluated. Given the discussion above earthquake fault lines that crosses the city from two sides, Strength and high-level security measures should also be implemented in the arteries of infrastructure and structural elements. On the other hand, in the historic old city neighborhoods in the city should strengthen endogenous development based on standard building regulations 2800 and the geographical structure of the region be made available.
خلاصه ماشینی:
این در حالی است که در نقشه ارزیابی تاب آوری نواحی براساس نوع سازه بنا (شکل شماره ١-٥)، ناحیه ٤-٥ (وحیدیه و پارک ملت با ١٣٩٠٠ نفر جمعیت ) با بالاترین تاب آوری و ناحیه ٢-٥ (محله بیسیم و ترانس با ٤١٢٢٠ نفر جمعیت ) با ضعیف ترین تاب آوری در میان نواحی ٢٥ گانه شهر زنجان به چشم میخورند.
این در حالی است که در نقشه ارزیابی تاب آوری نواحی براساس طول عمر بنا (شکل شماره ١-٦)، ناحیه ٤-٥ (وحیدیه و پارک ملت با ١٣٩٠٠ نفر جمعیت ) با بالاترین تاب آوری و ناحیه ٢-٥ (محله بیسیم و ترانس با ٤١٢٢٠ نفر جمعیت ) با ضعیف ترین تاب آوری در میان نواحی ٢٥ گانه شهر زنجان به چشم میخورند.
این در حالی است که در نقشه ارزیابی تاب آوری نواحی براساس سطح تراکم بنا (شکل شماره ١-٨)، نواحی ٤- ٦ و ٤-٥ (گلشهر کاظمیه ، وحیدیه و پارک ملت ) با جمعیت ٢٦٧٥٠ نفر و کمترین تراکم ، بالاترین تاب آوری و ناحیه ٢-٥ (بیسیم و ترانس ) با جمعیت ٤١٢٢٠ نفر و بیشترین تراکم ضعیف ترین تاب آوری در میان نواحی ٢٥ گانه شهر زنجان به خود اختصاص داده اند.
نتیجه گیری نتایج حاصل از این مطالعه جامع نشان میدهد که با توجه به معیارهای ارزیابی تاب آوری کالبدی در ٢٥ ناحیه شهری زنجان ، طبق نقشه غالبا نواحی منطبق بر قسمت های شمالی، شرقی و شمال شرقی که محلات زیباشهر، شهرک امیرکبیر و پایین کوه ، گلستان اندیشه ، گلشهر کاظمیه ، پونک ، سایت کارگاهی، وحیدیه و پارک ملت از تاب آوری بالایی برخوردار هستند.