چکیده:
Investment in education and health sector, as human capital, has an important role in economic growth and its enhancement in many countries. Lots of studies have been carried out in this field; however, the effect of simultaneous analysis of education and health, as well as the private and state sectors in economic growth of Iran has not been investigated. Thus, in the present study mutual relationship between private and state educational and health care expenditures with the economic growth of Iran from 1965 to 2014 has been surveyed. Therefore, in the present paper variables were tested by using Integration Adjusted Dickey – Fuller test. Then for choosing appropriate causality test, the co-integration between variables was tested by ARDL method. Then, by using Granger, Toda and Yamamato causality tests, the two ways causal relationship between variables was assessed. First, findings showed a lack of long-run relationship between variables. Second, the results of causality tests indicated that there is no causal relationship between private and state educational expenditures with economic growth because educational system faces serious problems such as discordance between the educational system and needs of society and labor market. Also, the obtained results delineated that there is no causal relationship between private sector and state sector health care expenditures with economic growth.
خلاصه ماشینی:
"Investigating the Mutual Relationship between Private and Public Educational and Health Care Expenditures with the Economic Growth of Iran )a Causality Approach) Hassan Farazmand1, Seyed Morteza Afghah2 and Samaneh Hasanpour3 Abstract: Received: 2016/2/20 Accepted: 2017/8/30 Investment in education and health sector, as human capital, has an important role in economic growth and its enhancement in many countries.
, (2010) by augmented production function, Westerlund co-integration methods and panel data during 1974- 2007 described health and research and development expenditures in long-term had positive effect on economic growth of five southeast Asian countries but the education expenditures didn’t have any significant effect on growth.
Also, Kewka and Morrissey (2000) by co-integration methods of Engle–Granger and Granger causality showed that public expenditures of education and health didn’t have significant effect on economic growth of Tanzania during 1965-96.
The results of vector error-correction model (VECM) of the study of Mahdavi and Naderian (2010) showed that there is a mutual relationship between human capital and non-petroleum Iranian economic growth during 1961-2001 in long-term and short-term.
, (2010) by ARDL showed that average education years of labour force and health care expenditures ratio to GDP had a positively significant effect on productivity level and economic growth of Iran during 1978-2005.
The present study investigates the relationship between mutual causality of human capital with economic growth based on variables in education and healthcare expenditures in private and public sectors separately."