چکیده:
WAR as a vehicle and SPORT IS WAR as a conceptual metaphor (CM) seem inadequate to account metaphorically for SPORT. To cater for an inclusive vehicle/CM, we selected WIN and LOSS lexicon from the news coverage of Brazil’s football team loss to Germany and tested them through the Corpus of Contemporary American English. Then, the data were studied through the 3 stages of metaphor research. In the identification stage, the metaphorical use of the WIN and LOSS lexicon was determined through metaphor identification procedure. In the interpretation stage, the metaphors were revealed to be recontextualized from discourses like war, earthquakes, floods, landslides, and the like. Then, on the basis of a generic source for such discourses, TERRITORY as a vehicle and A SPORT FIELD IS A TERRITORY as a CM were proposed. Finally, in the explanation stage, the ideological implications of the proposed vehicle/CM were argued on the discourse reproduction of Brazil’s problems.
خلاصه ماشینی:
Although likening SPORT activities to WAR has been shown to be logical and grounded in the literature, to our views, it could not be inclusive, at least, in the case of football to embody all the words conveying WIN and LOSS concepts.
368), it seems that the WIN and LOSS lexicon has been metaphorically recontextualized from the discourses like war, earthquakes, floods, landslides, tornados, volcanoes, and so on.
They argue that the new senses of words like attack and defend in argumentative discourse are more abstract than their original senses in WAR discourse and interpretable on the basis of CMs. They also argue that the grouping of metaphors reveals pitfalls in positing a CM because it faces the problem of generality for which there are no criteria.
Interpretation: Conceptual, Affective, and Cultural Considerations To find the relation between all of the metaphorically used WIN and LOSS lexical expressions, we took the context (discourse) of their basic meanings into account and noticed that they were not recontextualized from just the WAR discourse.
2. Rhetorical devices: Metonymy, synecdoche, and personification Nearly in all the headlines from different news agencies and newspapers, the psychological association of the source domain (TERRITORY) was foregrounded and preceded by resorting to the metonymic use of Brazil football team as a country or a nation.