چکیده:
وضعیت محیط زیست، گزارش یا نظارت بر محیط زیست یک فرآیند جهت توصیف، تجزیه و تحلیل و اطلاع رسانی در مورد شرایط و روند محیط زیست می باشد. تدوین گزارش وضعیت محیط زیست می تواند به عنوان نقشه ی راه بر مبنای دانش و تجربه برای جبران مشکلات و کاهش آسیب ها نقش موثری ایفا کند. هدف از انجام این تحقیق مقایسه و تحلیل دو گزارش وضعیت محیط زیست شهر لندن و تهران می باشد تا با استفاده از نتایج بتوان برای شهر تهران راهکارهای دقیق تری ارائه نمود. به منظور ساختارمند نمودن مقایسه، دو گزارش از لحاظ دوره زمانی انجام مطالعه، مقیاس انجام بررسی، داشتن چارچوب مفهومی ، سازمانهای تهیه کننده و داشتن مولفه های مشترک با یکدیگر مقایسه شدند. با توجه به این که یکی از اهداف اصلی این گزارش ها رسیدن به اهداف توسعه پایدار و پایداری در شهرها می باشد دو گزارش با شاخص های محیط زیست پایدار ارزیابی می شوند. نتایج نشان می دهدگزارش وضعیت محیط زیست تهران فقط گزارش وضعیت موجود(چند سال گذشته) بوده در حالی که گزارش وضعیت محیط زیست شهر لندن علاوه بر وضع موجود برای سال 2030 ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﯾﺰی و ﭘﯿﺶ ﺑﯿﻨﯽ دارد و از ﻟﺤﺎظ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎی ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯽ و زﻣﺎﻧﯽ از ﻋﻤﻮﻣﯿﺖ ﮐﻤﺘﺮی ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار اﺳﺖ وﻟﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺨﺘﺼـﺎت دﻗﯿـﻖ ﺗـﺮی اراﺋﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. از ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻫﺎی ﻣﻬﻢ دو ﮔﺰارش ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮان ﺑﻪ وﺟﻮد ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣـﮥ ﭘﺎﯾـﺪاری و ﻋﻤﻠﯿـﺎﺗﯽ و اﺳـﺘﺮاﺗﮋی ﻋﻤﻠﯿـﺎﺗﯽ 2021-2016 در ﮔﺰارش ﺷﻬﺮ ﻟﻨﺪن اﺷﺎره ﮐﺮد. ﺑﺎ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎرﮔﯿﺮی ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎی دﻗﯿﻖ ﺗﺮ و ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺗﻬﺮان و دﯾﺪﮔﺎﻫﯽ ﻣﻮﺷﮑﺎﻓﺎﻧﻪ اﯾﻦ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺮای دﺳﺖ اﻧﺪرﮐﺎران ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ در ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖ ﮔﺬاری، ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﯾﺰی، ﻃﺮح رﯾﺰی و اﺟﺮای ﭘﺮوژه ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﺎی ﺿﻮاﺑﻂ، ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎ و اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎ و ﻣﻘﺮرات زﯾﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﻣﻔﯿﺪ واقع شود.
Population increase in Tehran metropolis led to Increase utilization of water resources and its following reduce the quantity and quality of water supplies around city and environs Watersheds. Hence, Surface water management should be considered efficient According to the needs of water supply quantitatively and qualitatively for Irrigation of green spaces, Street cleaning and other uses in the city along with other purposes such as Improving urban landscape and improve the quality of runoff production. Urban runoff control Save and reduce runoff volume by using of new approaches to control including LID and BMP On a local scale that it is very important In addition to cost-effectiveness as well as aesthetics. This mechanism is done by various Structural forms including Bioretention Systems that is led to guide Surface runoff for storage in a Small scale or in Underground which in these systems are distributed Throughout the region aimed at managing surface runoff so that cause to delay runoff Moving. The success of surface runoff caused the control by rainfall requiring the identification of sites has the potential to use this system. This research follows to find prone areas for using this system in Region 2 of Tehran that has been done by Using of fuzzy logic and expert opinions and in order to complete a the results of the study that is to study Zoning runoff according to different return periods in this area.
Materials and Methods
The sample in this research is Tehran 2nd District that is Located southwest of Tehran and its major use including Road, highway, Residential and green space. Given that a significant percentage of area covered by highway, the use of Bioretention Systems is an effective step in controlling urban runoff. A bioretention system receiving water from a light industrial catchment and a busy road was designed, built and monitored for changes in soil physics as well as hydrological and hydrochemical efficiency. Bioretention areas function as soil and plant-based filtration devices that remove pollutants through a variety of physical, biological, and chemical treatment processes.The soils in the bioretention system were designed to have high metal removal potential and high permeability to compensate for undersized bioretention volume. The inflow hydrograph was a series of sharp peaks with little baseflow, typical of runoff from impervious surfaces.
The steps of the research are showed in the following diagram.