چکیده:
he links among trade, technological changes, and worker earnings have been the subject of intense research during the past few decades. The current literature on this subject shows that trade liberalization and technological changes are the main drivers of demand for skilled workers and a rise in the wage premium. In the present article, a panel of 134 Iranian manufacturing industries over the period 2004-2013 and System GMM estimator was used to examine the effect of export(as a proxy for trade) and technological changes on relative wages in high-tech and non-high-tech industries. Our findings show that the estimates are affected by a strong path-dependency in relative wages of both subgroups. Moreover, the education, capital-labor ratio, and total factor productivity (TFP) have a positive and significant impact on relative wages in both groups of the industries. Nevertheless, these variables are more effective in high-tech industries rather than non-high-tech ones. Finally, firms’ decision for entering into international markets puts a positive effect on labors’ earning. While to increase the market share, firms have to cover the trade costs by adjusting the cost of production factors such as labor force or capital.
خلاصه ماشینی:
In the present article, a panel of 134Iranian manufacturing industries over the period 2004-2013 and System GMM estimator was used to examine the effect of export(as a proxy for trade) and technological changes on relative wages in high-tech and non- high-tech industries.
Besides, according to Krugman (2000) argument, trade leads to only a limited effect on earnings and wage inequality can be explained by technological changes occurred in the industrialized countries.
Second, the results suggest that the education, capital-labor ratio, and total factor productivity (TFP) have positive and significant impacts on relative wages in both groups of the industries.
K. ; Schank, Schnabel, and Wagner (2007) for Germany; Hansson and Lundin (2004) for Sweden; Farinas and Martín‐Marcos (2007) for Spain; Martins and Opromolla (2009) for Portugal;Hahn (2005), Jeon, Kwon, and Lee (2013) and S.
The evidence from firm- level data shows that the diffusion of foreign technology through imports and FDI leads to a shift in demand toward more skilled labors and increased wage inequality.
Xu and Ouyang (2015) Chinese 28 manufacturing industries International trade significantly reduces relative wages of skilled versus unskilled workers in China’s Harrigan and Reshef (2011) manufacturing sector.
For instance, Doms, Dunne, and Troske (1997), Bresnahan, Brynjolfsson, and Hitt (2002), Leiponen (2005), Yasar and Paul (2008), and Grund and Sliwka (2007) reported that increasing the capital (or technology) intensity of production enhances productivity directly, suggesting more skilled labor intensity and higher wages.