چکیده:
مراقبت بایسته به معنای هوشیاری لازم در انجام تعهد حقوقی، یکی از اصول حقوق بینالملل است که بارها در دیوانهای بینالمللی تأیید شده است. علاوه بر زمینههای عرفی الزامات این اصل، کشورها آن را در معاهدات بسیاری وارد نموده و در چارچوب تعهدات قراردادی نیز سامان دادهاند. جایگاه اصلی این مفهوم، در حقوق مسئولیت بینالمللی است؛ جایی که اجرای تعهدات دولتها سنجیده میشود. اگر دولت در اجرای تعهدات خود فاقد مراقبت بایسته باشد، این اصل مبنایی برای ایجاد مسئولیت خواهد بود. اهمیت این اصل در مسئولیت بینالمللی ناشی از اقدامات خطرناک بسیار ملموس است. اصل مزبور در مقررات مالی بینالمللی، ازجمله توصیههای گروه ویژه اقدام مالی نیز وارد شده و الزاماتی را برای دولتها و مؤسسات مالی ایجاد کرده است. مفهوم مراقبت بایسته در دو معنای خاص و عام در مقررات گروه ویژه اقدام مالی به کار رفته است که شباهتها و تفاوتهایی با دلالتهای آن در حقوق بینالمللی دارد. این نوشته علاوه بر تبیین مفهوم این اصل در حقوق بینالمللی و مقررات گروه ویژه اقدام مالی، به بیان این قرابتها و افتراقهای کارکردی و آثار آنها میپردازد.
The concept of due diligence meaning the necessary vigilance and carefulness in fulfilling a legal obligation is one of international law principles which has significantly been confirmed and emphasized by international tribunals. Despite customary grounds of this principle's requirements, many treaties have incorporated and arranged it in contractual frameworks. The main domain of this principle is in the law of international responsibility, where implementation of states' obligations are examined, and it will be the basis for responsibility if a state fails to behave in accordance with due diligence requirements. As a matter of fact, that state does not observe the necessary carefulness in fulfilling its obligations. The importance of this principle is more tangible in state liability in trans-boundary harms. <br />The principle of due diligence has entered into international financial regulation, including FATF recommendations, and has created some commitments for states and financial institutions. The concept of due diligence has been used in two exclusive and general meanings in FATF regulations having some similarities and differences with its implications in international law. Despite clarifying the concept of due diligence in international law and FATF Regulations, this article deals with these functional approximations and separations and their effects.
خلاصه ماشینی:
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