چکیده:
Through time, there has been a deep and complex relationship between history and geography. Today also most sub-branches of geography need to take history into consideration. In the meantime, since the invention of the term political geography, there has been a deep relationship between the discipline of political geography and history. However, explanation of this relationship has less been attempted by political geographers. The present study is a theoretical basic research which uses analytic-descriptive approach to investigate the impact of “history” and “historical factors” on the making of political geography. The results indicate that the way history and historical factors are used and the goals pursued by taking them into account in the paradigms and philosophical-intellectual views imparted into political geography have been different. History has played a major role in the thoughts offered in almost all views and approaches of political geography so that by removing this factor, many of the analyses in political geography would be incomplete.
از دیرباز رابطهای عمیق و پیچیده میان تاریخ و جغرافیا وجود داشته است. امروزه نیز اغلب زیرشاخههای علم جغرافیا نیازمند توجه به عامل تاریخ هستند. از زمان ابداع اصطلاح جغرافیای سیاسی، رابطهای عمیق میان رشتۀ جغرافیای سیاسی با تاریخ وجود داشته اما تبیین این رابطه کمتر موردتوجه جغرافیدانان سیاسی قرار گرفته است. مقاله حاضر که از نوع تحقیقات بنیادی-نظری است، با استفاده از روش توصیفی-تحلیلی به بررسی تأثیر عامل «تاریخ» و «مولفههای تاریخی»، در ساخت جغرافیای سیاسی میپردازد. نتایج تحقیق نشان میدهد که چگونگی استفاده از عامل تاریخ و مؤلفههای تاریخی و هدف از توجه به آنها در پارادایمها و دیدگاههای فکری-فلسفی وارد شده به رشتۀ جغرافیای سیاسی، متفاوت بوده است. عامل تاریخ در اندیشههای ارائه شده در قریب به اتفاق دیدگاههای وارد شده به رشتۀ جغرافیای سیاسی نقشی پررنگ داشته است، به گونهای که با حذف عامل تاریخ، بسیاری از تحلیلهای ارائه شده در جغرافیای سیاسی ناقص خواهند بود.
خلاصه ماشینی:
The present study is a theoretical basic research which uses analytic-descriptive approach to investigate the impact of "history" and "historical factors" on the making of political geography.
The results indicate that the way history and historical factors are used and the goals pursued by taking them into account in the paradigms and philosophical-intellectual views imparted into political geography have been different.
The way history and historical factors have been used in the making of political geography has always been affected by different paradigms and approaches entered into this discipline, each of which presenting differing views about the nature of this relationship.
1. Determinism Since the 19th century to the middle of the 20th century, like many disciplines, especially history, that paid attention to the relation between human and environment, the texts of human geography were replete with 82 Geopolitics Quarterly, Volume: 1 5, No 4, Winter 2020 ideas about relationship between people and the natural environment.
By studying the trend of historical changes and analyzing world political condition and relating it to natural geographical factors, he tried to analyze the background which shape the historical foreground, and finally concluded that in all times, social movements, affected by similar natural features, have 84 Geopolitics Quarterly, Volume: 1 5, No 4, Winter 2020 played roles (6 Tuathail,1996).
In this view, governments are shaped not only by internal processes, but also by inter-state relations, requiring political geographers to re-examine the structure and function of states, including different forms of territoriality within the context of the global system (Glassman, 2009).