چکیده:
تا به امروز حق به شهر توانسته است مسیر ترقی قابل اعتنایی را سپری نماید و به مرحله رسمیت بخشی و تاثیرگذاری در بسیاری از دستورکارها و قوانین و مقررات شهری برسد. یکی از مفاهیم مورد تاکید حق به شهر موضوع به حاشیه رفتن بخشی از شهر بنا به دلایل جنسی، سنی، اعتقادی، نژادی، سیاسی و اقتصادی است. در نتیجه حق به شهر می تواند نگاهی ویژه به موضوع سکونتگاههای خودانگیخته داشته باشد. این پژوهش در پی بررسی وضعیت حق به شهر در سکونتگاه نایسر است تا از این طریق تفاوتهای حق به شهر در میان گروههای مختلف را مورد سنجش قرار دهد. براین اساس با نگاهی کاربردی به گفتمان حق به شهر به عنوان یک چهارچوب مدون برای اعتلای حقهای گوناگون شهروندان در شهر با روش کتابخانهای اقدام به مطالعه اسناد مرتبط با حق به شهر نموده و ابعاد و شاخصهای اساسی این گفتمان را استخراج و با روش میدانی به بررسی وضعیت حق به شهر پرداخته است. در این تحقیق از روش تحقیق کمی با محوریت استخراج داده از طریق پرسشنامه استفاده شده است. نتایج تحقیق بیانگر این است که ابعاد حق به شهر در هر شش بعد مورد مطالعه وضعیت ضعیفی را نشان میدهد. با این وجود دو بعد سلامت و فرهنگی وضعیت مطلوبی را به خود اختصاص دادهاند. همچنین در خصوص تاثیر متغیرهای توصیفی پژوهش بر وضعیت حق به شهر میتوان عنوان نمود که از نظر جنسی حق به شهر در میان مردان، از نظر درآمدی گروههای بادرآمدهای بالاتر، از نظر شغلی گروههای شاغل در بخش رسمی، از نظر سنی دو گروه سنی 25 الی 40 و 40 الی 60 سال و از نظر سواد نیز افراد با سطح سواد پایینتر بیشترین میانگینهای حق به شهر را در میان جامعه آماری پژوهش نشان میدهند.
Introduction The right to the city can be considered as one of the human approaches to urban studies that it seeks to rebuild the city as a space designed by all citizens and serving all citizens. Luckily the right to the city was able to take the path of progress very well. The right to the city was raised once upon a time in the context of the French revolutionary and against the capitalist system; these days it is used as an approach by power and capitalism. In other words, the right to the city has been recognized as an approach of People governance to space and the role of residents who are in the city in producing and reproducing in present and future space of cities. If we can consider spontaneous settlements as marginalizing a part of the city, as a result, the right to the city can take a special look at the issue of spontaneous settlements. This study seeks to investigate the right to the city status of the Naysar settlement in order to assess the differences of right to the city among different groups of this part of Sanandaj city. Methodology The present study is an applied one that has been done by the descriptive-analytical method. To gathering the required information documentary and field methods are used. By reviewing the theoretical literature, the research background, dimensions and indicators of research were extracted in six dimensions: political and civil, managerial, economic, cultural, service and health dimension. Then by using related expert opinions the validity of the indices was confirmed. In the end, a questionnaire was prepared in the form of a Likert scale by make questions from the indicators. The statistical population of the study consists of Naysar residents where according to the latest census of 2016, 36431 people are lived there. Based on the Cochran formula (sample size) 381 survey questionnaires were distributed among the residents of the study area by a simple random method. Then for the following One-sample t-test was used for statistical analysis and status analysis of the studied dimensions and One-way analysis of variance was used to examine the relationships between the descriptive factors of the research on the main research variable (Right to the city). Results and discussion According to the results of one-way analysis of variance, the right-to-city situation seems more favorable to men than to women, and the city is not evenly distributed to marginalized gender groups. The study of income shows that the highest amount of right to the city belongs to the income groups who have above 6 million Tomans and the lowest amount of right to the city belongs to the income groups who have below 2 million Tomans. In the survey of right to the city status among the occupational groups, those who employed in the formal sector have a higher average of right to the city. Also, the least amount of right to the city belongs to groups who are searching for a job. Also, the least amount of right to the city among the age groups belong to above 60 and under 25 and two age groups of 25 to 40 and 40 to 60 years have the highest rate of right to the city among the age groups of the research. It is worth noting that the academic group has the least amount of right to the city and the highest amount of right to the city belongs to the middle school group. Conclusion The urban management system may not provide a wide range of different rights to the residents of Naysar, However, it gives the rents or we can say ransom to the residents of Naysar that it’s no doubt that these concessions (ransom) include people with better financial status in Naysar mostly. For example, the riches of Naysar have built several illegal and unoccupied housing units; Have they have been transformed agricultural land into residential land illegally; they have divided their lands without permission; they are using electricity and water concessions illegally and freely for residential and even non-residential units. They pay minimal tolls and taxes for various properties. As a result, Naysar only shows lower percentages of right to the indicators for people who want to live as a citizen. Otherwise, it is a good environment for a group of people with informal citizenship and they receive different unlawful privileges from urban management in different ways. Keywords: Right to the City, Citizenship, Right to the City Indicators, Spontaneous Settlements, Nayser Spontaneous Area.