چکیده:
There has been a great deal written about the relationship between sharia law and international human rights law, particularly with regards to the treatment of women. The tensions between sharia law and international law norms of equality and non-discrimination have been well documented, and the possibilities for interpreting sharia law in a manner that accords with international human rights law have been insightfully explored by scholars of human rights and Islamic law. It has been shown that Islam is a religion of peace, tolerance, justice and equality. It has been said that the Qur’anic passages describing the role of women should be understood in the context in which they were written, which was a time in history in which women were seen as vastly inferior to men in almost every society throughout the world, particularly in the Arabian peninsula. Read in this context, it is argued, Islam must be seen as an advocate for gender equality, and should thus be interpreted as standing for gender equality today. This paper argues that, while this may indeed be the preferred interpretation of Islam, this is of little assistance to women in countries such as Sudan whose national legislation enshrines and enforces the most discriminatory aspects of sharia law.
در مورد رابطه بین شرع و حقوق بشر بین المللی، به ویژه در مورد رفتار با زنان، مطالب زیادی نوشته شده است و تنش های بین شرعیت و هنجارهای حقوق بین الملل در خصوص برابری و عدم تبعیض به خوبی به ثبت رسیده است. شرایط امکان تفسیر قوانین شرعیت به نوعی که با حقوق بشر بین المللی هم راستا باشند، توسط متخصصان حقوق بشر و حقوق اسلامی آگاهانه مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. چنین نشان داده شده است که اسلام دین صلح، تحمل، عدالت و برابری است. گفته شده است که عبارات قرآنی که نقش زنان را توصیف میکند، باید با توجه به دوره تاریخی که برای آنها نوشته شده است بررسی شود، این دوره زمانی در تاریخ است که زنان تقریبا در هر جامعه ای در سراسر جهان، به ویژه در شبه جزیره عربستان، نسبت به مردان جایگاه بسیار پایین تری داشتند. با توجه به این زمینه در این نوشتار چنین بحث می شود که اسلام باید به عنوان یک طرفدار برابری جنسیتی تلقی شود و از این رو باید به عنوان طرفدار برابری جنسیتی معرفی شود. این مقاله چنین استدلال می کند که گرچه ممکن است این تفسیر مرجح از اسلام باشد، اما این کمترین کمکی است که به زنان در کشورهایی مانند سودان میتوان کرد که قانون ملی آن ها تبعیض آمیزترین جنبه های قانون شریعت را در برگرفته و تقویت می کند.
خلاصه ماشینی:
Using Sudan as a case study, this paper explores the way in which sharia law is reflected and applied in national legislation, explores the link between the application of sharia law and the existence of inequality between women and men, and discusses the implications of gender inequality – and the violence that is often associated with inequality – both for development and for peace.
Part 2 highlights some specific aspects of sharia law which, on a classical reading of the sources, violate international human rights law and contribute to an environment in which women are subordinated and violence is condoned, while part 3 considers the way in which these discriminatory aspects are reflected in national legislation in Sudan.
It will be suggested in the remainder of this paper that each of these aspects of sharia, as incorporated into domestic legislation in Islamic states (using Sudan as an example) plays a critical role in sustaining and entrenching an environment in which women are in a subordinate position relative to men, in which violence against women is seen as a legitimate means of addressing grievances, and in which women are prevented from exercising their economic, social and cultural rights.
"/> Where sharia law is reflected in national legal systems, the restrictions on women’s ability to exercise economic, social and cultural rights, and associated norms of inequality and violence, are manifested in two important ways that have implications for development and –as will be discussed in the following section– for peace.