چکیده:
اهمیت ویژه و حیاتی اشتغالزایی و راهاندازی کسبوکار و مهمتر از آن، پایداری کسبوکارهای ایجاد شده در وضعیت کنونی اقتصاد جهانی، برای هر کشور در حال توسعهای همچون کشور عزیزمان ایران، محققان را بر آن داشت تا پژوهشی با هدف طراحی و تدوین الگویی برای پایداری کسبوکار در زنجیره تامین اجرا کند.
روش: برای دستیابی به این هدف مهم، پژوهشگران رویکرد فراترکیب را در پیش گرفتند. بر این اساس، 81 پژوهش پیشین مرتبط با اهداف مطالعه حاضر را با استفاده از الگوی هفتمرحلهای سندلوسکی و باروسو بررسی کردند و به تجمیع، ترکیب و تفسیر یافتههای این پژوهشها پرداختند تا با بسط مدل جدید، تصویر جامع، نو و بدیعی از پایداری کسبوکار در زنجیره تامین ارائه دهند. بسط مدل یاد شده، یکی از قوتها و نوآورهای این پژوهش است.
یافتهها: الگوی پایداری کسبوکار در این پژوهش، 96 شاخص پایداری کسبوکار را در قالب 16 مضمون و 3 بعد اصلی شناسایی و ارائه کرده است. مدل یاد شده دارای بعدهای اصلی اقتصادی، اجتماعی و زیستمحیطی است که بعد اقتصادی 3 مضمون، بعد اجتماعی 7 مضمون و بعد زیستمحیطی 6 مضمون را دربرمیگیرد.
نتیجهگیری: در این پژوهش بعد زیستمحیطی با 45 شاخص دارای بیشترین گستردگی و ابعاد اجتماعی و اقتصادی، بهترتیب با 33 و 18 شاخص در ردههای بعدی اهمیت قرار گرفتند.
Objective
Entrepreneurship as well as the creation of dynamic and productive businesses is considered as the
important factors and the driving force for economic development in any country. In this regard, it is
important to pay attention to identifying and activating the capacity to create jobs and entrepreneurship
and to the sustainability of established businesses. However, our country is deprived of the benefits of
a sustainable supply chain. It is not possible to expect a stable performance from the supply chain until
all the businesses across the supply chain build sustained interactions with each other. Therefore, one
must look for the dimensions, components and indicators to develop a business sustainability model in
the supply chain so that the businesses within the supply chain could be sustained and, ultimately,
supply chain stability would be achieved. The present study has attempted to develop a model of
sustainability for the businesses within the supply chain through selecting a different perspective from
previous studies by identifying, combining and deeply understanding the dimensions, concepts and
indicators. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to propose a model in order to fill the gap in
the related literature in our country, which can show the innovative and distinctive aspects of this
research.
Methodology
The present study is applied in terms of purpose because businesses can measure their sustainability
based on the indicators of the final model of this research and it is a meta-synthesis of the previous
qualitative studies in terms of method. To achieve the research objective, the meta-synthesis method
was used in accordance with the seven-step model proposed by Sandelowski and Barroso. The
statistical population of this research includes all the articles, research reports, books, databases, as
well as local and international publications in the field of business sustainability in the supply chain
from 2000 to 2018. The keywords were looked up in MAGIRAN, SID, CIVILICA, NOORMAGS,
Science Direct, Springer, Scopus, Google Scholar and Emerald databases. The inclusion criteria were:
valid databases, research period and using the keywords. As a result of reviewing the databases using
different search engines and based on the inclusion criteria, 422 cases were finally found.
Findings
Business sustainability model in this study proposed 93 indicators for business sustainability in the
form of 16 themes and 3 main dimensions. The main dimensions of the model include economic,
social and environmental dimensions where the economic dimension includes 3 main themes and 18
indicators, the social dimension includes 7 themes and 33 indicators, and the environmental dimension
includes 6 themes and 42 indicators. In this study, the environmental dimension provided the highest
variety with 42 indicators followed by the social and economic dimensions with 33 and 18 indicators,
respectively.
Conclusion
The achievement of economic stability means continuity of business economic activity as well as
sustainability in the economic system which requires the indicators such as organizational capabilities
(strategic flexibility, value chain flexibility and achieving customer integration), innovation in
business processes and activities, lean management, competitive advantage, marketing, risk
management and entrepreneurship. On the other hand, business sustainability refers to the ability of
the society to maintain the necessary instruments to create wealth, prosperity and social participation
to promote social integration and cohesion. Besides, as a concept, it seeks to maintain and stabilize the
social and cultural components of society in relation to other aspects of sustainability (economic and
environmental). In addition, the environmental responsibilities of companies and the related activities
can be considered as a source to legitimize their competitive advantage. This, in turn, leads to the
formation of a better image of the company in the minds of its customers as an environmentally
friendly image and helps sustain its activities. Based on the findings and the results of the research
(identifying the dimensions, themes and indicators of business sustainability), it is recommended to
the managers, planners and policy makers in the field of business to establish a business and its
management, evaluate the existing businesses, eliminate possible shortcomings and avoid complying
them with those indicators based on the indicators which were proposed by this model.
خلاصه ماشینی:
با توجه به آشفتگي هاي عصر حاضر و محيط پوياي کسب وکار در سال هاي اخير، شرکت ها بايد به دنبال راه حل مؤثر براي زنده ماندن در بازار رقابت شديد جهاني باشند (صفايي و غلامرضاتبار، ١٣٩٣) که در اين راه ، توجه به مديريت زنجيره تأمين ، مي تواند موجب دستيابي به مزيت رقابتي پايدار شود (هاشمي پطرودي ، صادقي مقدم ، جعفرنژاد، صفري ، ١٣٩٧).
Sustainable Supply Chain سازمان ها نمي توانند نگراني هاي پايداري در کسب وکار را ناديده بگيرند (لوترا، گاويندن ، کانن ، منگلا و گارگ ١، ٢٠١٧)، بنابراين مفهوم پايداري ، به عنوان ابزاري براي برقراري تعادل بين ابعاد زيست محيطي و اجتماعي کسب وکارها با بعد اقتصادي و مالي آنها در ادبيات کسب وکار وارد شد و توجه هم زمان به ابعاد مذکور و تلفيق آنها در مفهوم کسب وکار، به شکل گيري مفهومي کاربردي و گسترده تر به نام پايداري کسب وکار منجر شد که امروزه به طور فزاينده اي در کانون توجه محققان و صاحب نظران قرار گرفته است (شرفي ، رضايي ، ميرک زاده و کرمي دهکردي ، ١٣٩٦).
Luthra, Govindan, Kannan, Mangla & Garg 2.
Maciková, Smorada, Dorčák, Beug & Markovič 4.
پيله وري و اله ياري (١٣٩٦) طي جست وجو براي يافتن عوامل پايداري زنجيره تأمين در صنعت خودروسازي با توجه به مرور مطالعات انجام شده و استفاده از تکنيک دلفي فازي ، شاخص هاي پايداري زنجيره تأمين در سه بعد اقتصادي ، زيست محيطي و اجتماعي را در ١٥ دسته جمع بندي کرده اند.
Mani, Gunasekaran, Papadopoulosc, Hazen & Dubey 3.
Mani, Gunasekaran, Papadopoulosc, Hazen & Dubey 3.