چکیده:
تغییرات آبوهوایی درنتیجة انتشار گازهای گلخانهای ناشی از فعالیتهای انسانی و گسترش شهرنشینی، شرایط زیست انسان را روی کرة زمین با چالشهای جدی روبهرو کرده است. پژوهش حاضر بهلحاظ هدف، کاربردی و ازلحاظ روششناسی، توصیفیتحلیلی مبتنی بر مطالعات کتابخانهای و بررسیهای میدانی و تحلیل پرسشنامهای است.
برای دستیابی به اهداف پژوهش، شاخصهایی در هشت دسته با توجه به اهداف پژوهش استخراج شد. با استفاده از فرمول کوکران، 100 نفر از متخصصان حوزة محیطزیست شهری بهمثابة نمونة پژوهش تعیین شدند؛ سپس با استفاده از روش ترکیبیAnp-Dematil ، مهمترین معیارها و شاخصهای زیستمحیطی شهر کربن صفر در شهرکرد رتبهبندی شد. برای اندازهگیری ردپای بومشناختی در شهرکرد از نرمافزارIPCC استفاده شد.
برمبنای نتایج بررسی شاخصهای مؤثر بر استقرار شهر کمکربن در شهرکرد، شاخصهای خلاقیت زیستمحیطی و طراحی منظر شهری بهمثابة پایدارترین شاخصها و شاخص انرژی بهمثابة ناپایدارترین شاخص شناخته شدند؛ همچنین برای تعیین ردپای بومشناختی از سرانة انتشار دیاکسیدکربن شهرکرد در سال 1396، 4.51 تن، بهره گرفته شد که در مقایسه با مقیاس جهان که 4.47 تن است، بیشتر و در مقایسه با مقیاس ایران که 6.76 تن در سال است، کمتر است. نتایج نشان داد ردپای بومشناختی کربن در شهرکرد فراتر از میانگین جهانی و کمتر از میانگین ایران است.
Extended abstract 1- Introduction: One of the most important environmental issues is global climate change caused by the accumulation of greenhouse gases. In today's technological society, with the expansion of industrial activities, the increase in population growth, and urbanization, and the need for greater utilization of limited natural resources, pollution is increasing, especially in developing countries that do not have high technology to reduce air pollution and emission of pollutants. One of the most important of these pollutants is the role of greenhouse gas pollution. Greenhouse gases, including vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrogen dioxide, monoxide, and ozone, which are natural emissions, are important for survival and only when their concentrations exceed the permissible limit. But it is human activity that has increased the levels of many of these gases. Iran is one of the first greenhouse-gas producing countries to change its temperature pattern, reduce water resources, increase seas, degrade coastal areas, destroy crops and food, destroy forests, alternate and intensify droughts. Greenhouse gases are naturally occurring in the atmosphere, but human activities and pollution caused by these activities increase the amount of gases abruptly. One of the new strategies for urban environmental sustainability and pollution control is the zero-carbon city, which is necessary for the sustainable development and development of each city. 2- Methodology: The present study is of theoretical, practical, and descriptive-analytical research methodology. The main objective of the study is to investigate the feasibility of the environmental strategy of the Zero-carbon city in Shahrekord. In this research, after the extraction of the indices, the Anp-Dematil combination method is the most important criterion and the environmental indicator of the Zero-carbon city in Shahrekord. Then, IPCC software was used to measure the ecological footprint in Shahrekord and was used for mapping the carbon dioxide dispersion map from the spatial satellite GIS Arc applications. 3– Discussion: The results of the present study indicate that the relative weights of indicators in Shahrekord have an environmental creativity index of 0.298, and urban design with a weight of 0.229 is among the most important and most stable index. The energy index with a weight of 0.107 is considered the most unstable index. The environmental index was recognized in this city. Also, to determine the ecological footprint of Shahrekord's carbon dioxide emissions per year (2018), 4.51 tons of carbon dioxide emissions are used. This amount is higher than the world scale, which is 4.47 tons and is lower compared to the Iranian scale, which is 6.76 tons per year. 4– Conclusion: The IPCC results showed that the energy index had the highest carbon dioxide production, increasing over a five-year period from 380983 tons in 2013 to 497237 tons in 2018 years, with transport reaching 119561 tons in 2013 to 275363 tons in 2018. Industry ranks third, from 24,292 tons in the year 2013 to 43,409 tons in 2018, and lastly from 5799 tons in 2013 to 12,136 tons in 2018. The crop has been the agricultural index which has declined from 36542 tons in 2013 to 25284 tons in 2018. Finally, using the national and international carbon dioxide emissions figures from the 2015 International Energy Agency report, we can say that Shahrekord's carbon dioxide emissions per capita in 2014 is 4.51 tons compared to the world scale of 4.47 tons. It is higher and lower than the Iranian scale of 6.76 tons per year. 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خلاصه ماشینی:
برمبناي نتايج بررسي شاخص هاي مؤثر بر استقرار شهر کم کربن در شهرکرد، شاخص هاي خلاقيت زيست محيطـي و طراحـي منظر شهري به مثابۀ پايدارترين شاخص ها و شاخص انرژي به مثابۀ ناپايدارترين شاخص شناخته شدند؛ همچنين بـراي تعيـين ردپاي بوم شناختي از سرانۀ انتشار دياکسيدکربن شهرکرد در سال ١٣٩٦، ٤,٥١ تن ، بهره گرفته شد که در مقايسـه بـا مقيـاس جهان که ٤,٤٧ تن است ، بيشتر و در مقايسه با مقياس ايران که ٦,٧٦ تن در سال است ، کمتر اسـت .
درحقيقت بيشتر انتشارهاي طبيعي مانند دياکسيدکربن و ترکيبات ازت براي بقاي حيات اهميت فراواني دارند و فقـط هنگامي که غلظت آنها از حد مجاز ميگذرد، در زمرٔە آلودگيها قرار ميگيرند؛ اما فعاليت هـاي انسـاني اسـت کـه بـر سطح بسياري از اين گازها افزوده است (عجايبي و همکاران ، ١٣٩٦: ٢)؛ همچنـين ايـن گازهـا تـأثيرات بـالقوه اي بـر تغييرات آب وهواي کرٔە زمين دارند و يکي از بزرگ ترين چالش هاي محيط زيست جهان در قرن ٢١ هسـتند ( fong et ٢٥٠٧ :٢٠٠٨ ,.
al)؛ از اين بين گاز دياکسيدکربن ، يکي از اساسيترين گازهاي گلخانه اي است که موجب آلودگي هوا و افزايش پديدٔە گرمايش جهاني و تخريب محيط زيست ميشود و معياري براي آلودگي و تخريب محيط زيست اسـت که درنتيجۀ صنعتيشدن و بهره برداري فشرده از سوخت هاي فسيلي مانند نفت و گاز توليد ميشود (درگاهي و بهرامي غلامي، ١٣٩٦: ٧٤)؛ در عين حال اين گاز در صورت افزايش در محيط آثار ناخوشايندي بر سلامتي دارد (طاهرخـاني، ١٣٩٠: ٥)؛ ازجمله بيماريهاي ناشي از آلودگي که به تازگي براي انسان اهميـت روزافـزون يافتـه اسـت ؛ ماننـد تنگـي نفس ، برونشيت ، انواع سرطان ها به ويژه سرطان ريه و نابسامانيهاي رشد جنـين کـه ممکـن اسـت از راه آلاينـده هـاي 1.