چکیده:
يتناول البحث مفردة الظن من حيث مدلولها اللغوي ، وأثر ذلك المدلول في الاعتقاد صحة وفساداً، فتطرق البحث لتعريف الظن لغة، و بيّن أنه يأتي بمعنى الشك والتردد ويأتي كذلك بمعنى اليقيّ والقطع، وأن النص القرآني استعمل المفردة في كلا المعنييّ، ويتحدد المراد منه بحسب السياق، وبيّ البحث كذلك أن الظن يطلق على اليقيّ لكن ليس في درجاته العالية ، إذ اليقيّ درجات، وهو شرط للنجاة يوم القيامة في أقل درجاته لكنه يزيد حتى يبلغ درجة من الثبوت لا تقبل ورود الشك أصلاً فضلا عن أن يؤ ثر به، وهو ما طلبه إبراهيم من ربه تبارك وتعالى في سؤاله إحياء الموتى، وما سأله حواريون عيسى حيّ سألوا إنزال المائدة. وتطرق البحث كذلك إلى الظن المأمور به، وهو حسن الظن به تعالى، الظن بوعده ووعيده، والظن برحمته وعفوه والظن بحكمته وعلمه. وذكر البحث الظن المنهي عنه وهو ما سمّه القرآن ظن السوء وظن الجاهلية والظن بأن الله لا يرسل الرسل، والظن بأنه لا ينصر رسله وأولياءه، والظن بأنه لا يبعث من يموت أو الظن بأنه لا يعلم ما يسره الناس ويخفونه، وهذا الظن وصف به المشركون ووصف به المنافقون كذلك.
The research deals with the term (assumption) in terms of its linguistic
significance, and the effect of that significance on belief in terms of it's
legitimacy and invalidity, also the research discussed the definition of
assumption as a word, and it showed that it occurs in the sense of doubt and
hesitation and also in the sense of confirmation and sureness, and that the
Quranic text used the word in both meanings, but it's meaning is dependent on
the context,
The research also showed that assumption is used to describe certainty, but
not in it's highest degrees, as certainty has different degrees, and to be certain is
a condition for survival on the day of judgment at it's lowest degrees, and it
increases until it reaches a level of certainty that does not accept the occurrence
of doubt at all let alone getting affected by it, which was what Abraham
requested from his Lord, Blessed be He The Almighty in his request to revive the
dead, and what the disciples of Jesus asked him to send down the a table spread
(with food) from heaven .
The research also addressed the assumption that is ordered, which is good
faith about the Almighty, about his promises and warnings, about his mercy
and forgiveness and about his wisdom and his knowledge.
The research also mentioned the forbidden assumption, which is what the
Quran recounted: assumption of evil nature, the thought of ignorance, the
belief that Allah does not send messengers, the belief that He does not support
his messengers and allies, the belief that He does not resurrect who dies and the
belief that He does not know what people conceal and hide, the polytheists and
the hypocrites has been described to have this forbidden assumption as well.