چکیده:
پایداری اجتماعی امروزه به عنوان مهمترین بعد توسعه پایدار، جایگاه مهمی در برنامه ریزی های شهری و به خصوص برنامه ریزی مسکن دارد و پیوسته با افزایش مشکلات زیست محیطی و مشکلات مسکن، بر اهمیت آن در برنامه ریزی های شهری و مسکن افزوده می شود. در پی چنین ضرورتی تحقیق حاضر با هدف بررسی شاخص های پایداری اجتماعی محیط مسکونی در دو بافت قدیم و جدید شهر سبزوار انجام شده است. پژوهش از نوع توسعه ای - کاربردی و روش تحقیق توصیفی - تحلیلی می باشد . اطلاعات مورد نیاز به دو روش کتابخانه ای و پیمایشی گرد آوری شده و برای تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها از آزمون تی تست تک نمونه، پیرسون، کای اسکوئر . مقایسه میانگین ها و رگرسیون چند متغیره استفاده شده است. حجم نمونه برای دو بافت 750 پرسشنامه بوده که برای بافت قدیم 374 و بافت جدید 376 پرسشنامه تکمیل شده است. مقدار آلفا برای کل شاخص ها برابر 74/. به دست آمده است. نتایج این پژوهش نشان می دهد که هیچ یک از بافت های مسکونی به طور کامل از شاخص های پایداری اجتماعی برخوردار نمی باشند. شاخص های تعلق مکانی و هویت در بافت مرکزی مطلوبتر از بافت جدید بوده، سلامت شهروندی و نشاط در بافت جدید مطلوب تر بوده است و در مجموع میانگین نمره پایداری اجتماعی در بافت جدید بیشتر از بافت قدیم می باشد. .
IntroductionToday, the issue of sustainable urban development is one of the most important and common issues at the international level, so that it includes various social, economic and environmental dimensions. In this regard, housing is the most important urban element in the sustainable development of the city. It is very important to pay attention to it because housing development, in addition to the environment, affects the economy, culture and social issues. Therefore, achieving sustainable housing in order to increase and improve the quality of life of the current and future generation is a serious matter, because today with the growing population, the need to build housing is increasing day by day. Therefore, achieving sustainable urban development and Paying attention to sustainable housing can play a constructive role. In terms of social sustainability, sustainable housing is housing that, in addition to providing the necessary facilities and public services for a better human life, is in line with the culture, methods and traditions of its inhabitants and causes family stability, social growth, increasing the safety of people and especially to promote culture and peace of mind of family members. In this regard, the present study (with the aim of achieving indicators of sustainable social development) intends to study and compare indicators of social sustainability in two different residential contexts in Sabzevar city.Research methodThe present research has been done in two old and new contexts of this city. The central context has a population of 14843 people(5011 families) and Tohid town which is located 5 km away in the northern part of Sabzevar city has a population of 18239 people (4933 families). The present study is applied-developmental in term of its type, the method of research is descriptive-analytical and carried out in survey method (questionnaire). The statistical population in this research is two old and new contexts of Sabzevar city. The sample size according to Cochran's formula was obtained 750 people and the number of samples for the old contexts was 374 and the new contexts was 376 samples, which were completed and conducted by stratified random sampling method. Data were analyzed using one-sample t-test, comparison of means, Pearson and Chi-square, and multivariate regression. The value of alpha for all indicators is equal to ./74 Which indicates that this scale has appropriate reliability.Findings and discussionsThe results show that the average score of the Housing Social Sustainability indicator in the central context is 2.924 and in Tohid town is 3.206. Findings show that the average indicator of social sustainability of housing in the central context (old context) is significantly lower than average and in Tohid town slightly higher than average. In other words, the indicators of social sustainability of housing in the Tohid town are close to sustainability and are usustainable in the central context. In the following, the two means are compared with the two assumptions of equality of variances and the assumption of inequality of variances. Given that the significance level of the F test is less than 0.05, the assumption of equality of variances is rejected. And since the level of significance in comparing the means with the assumption of inequality of variance is equal to zero and less than 0.05, it indicates that the difference between the two means is significant. Therefore, there is a significant difference between the studied contexts of Sabzevar city in terms of social sustainability of the residential environment. The results of the correlation coefficient show that there is a significant positive relationship between household income / occupation / length of stay / ownership and housing social sustainability indicator in both the central context and Tohid town. There is a significant negative relationship between education level and social sustainability indicator of housing in the central context. Thus, it can be said that people with higher education have more knowledge and information about the quality of municipal services as well as citizenship rights, and as a result, they expect to get more benefit from these services. Using the combined multiple regression model, the factors and indicators affecting the social sustainability of the two residential contexts were identified. The results indicate that the nine indicators included in the model, explain 72% of the changes in the dependent variable (social sustainability). In the central context, the Beta values ( in the above table) show that the security indicator has the greatest impact on the old social sustainability of Sabzevar (central) and after these, the indicators of housing quality and identity, in the second and third priority, will also have increasing effects on the social sustainability of the central context. In the new context, the Beta values (in the above table) show that the participation indicator has the greatest impact on the social sustainability of the new context of Sabzevar (Tohid town), and after these identity and access to services indicators, in the second and third priority, will also have increasing effects on the social sustainability of the new context.ConclusionThe results obtained in the studied contexts show that the two central and new residential contexts of Sabzevar are not the same in terms of social sustainability indicators. Indicators of place belonging and identity in the central context are more favorable than the new context. the security indicator is not appropriate in any of the contexts. citizen health in the new context is more desirable due to cleaner air, lack of noise pollution and wider parks. This last indicator has made the residents of the town more cheerful. The housing quality indicator in Tohid tow is considered more favorable than the central context and in general, the average score of social sustainability in the new context is higher than the old context. Individual variables such as household income / occupation of householder/ length of stay / ownership show a significant relationship with the dependent indicator (social sustainability) and the level of education of individuals does not have a significant relationship with the dependent indicator.