چکیده:
The current study aimed to investigate that whether young people with mild intellectual impairments (II) having various levels of IQ have different physical fitness and body composition. Moreover, this study aims to answer this question that is there any association among IQ level, Body Mass Index, and physical fitness factors? A number of 1200 students from all Tehran’s special high schools were screened, and finally, 355 of them with mean age 24.6 ± 3.0 years, height 173.5 ± 6.8 cm, weight 78.6 ± 8.5 kg, and body mass index (BMI) 23.3 ± 2.8 kg/m2 were chosen to be included in the study based on including criteria. All participants had a mild II with the IQ range of 50 to 75 based on the Wechsler Intelligence Test. Participants' physical fitness was assessed by Eurofit special battery test. Body composition evaluation measured by Body Composition Scale. The results showed that there were significant differences in most physical fitness factors between males and females, except in dynamic balance and flexibility (P ≤ 0.05). There was a significant association between IQ levels with all physical fitness factors (P ≤ 0.05) except for flexibility. Different IQ levels were associated with physical fitness factors, so that II students with low IQ had lower physical fitness than those who had higher IQ. Practitioners should consider these differences when working with II people of different gender and different level of IQ.
ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﯾﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ اﯾﺎ ﺟﻮاﻧﺎن ﺑﺎ اﺧﺘﻼﻻت ذﻫﻨﯽ ﺧﻔﯿﻒ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻄﻮح ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﻬﺮه ﻫﻮﺷﯽ، اﻣﺎدﮔﯽ ﺟﺴﻤﺎﻧﯽ و ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ ﺑﺪﻧﯽ ﻣﺘﻔﺎوﺗﯽ دارﻧﺪ ﯾﺎ ﺧﯿﺮ. ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ اﯾﻦ، اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﺳﻮال اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ اﯾﺎ ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﯽ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﻬﺮه ﻫﻮﺷﯽ، ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺗﻮده ﺑﺪﻧﯽ، و ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ اﻣﺎدﮔﯽ ﺟﺴﻤﺎﻧﯽ وﺟﻮد دارد؟ ﺗﻌﺪاد 1200 داﻧﺶ اﻣﻮز از ﮐﻠﯿﻪ دﺑﯿﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﻫﺎی اﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﯾﯽ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺗﻬﺮان ﻏﺮﺑﺎﻟﮕﺮی ﺷﺪﻧﺪ و در ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ 355 ﻧﻔﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﺳﻨﯽ 3/0 ± 24/6 ﺳﺎل، ﻗﺪ 6/8 ± 173/5 ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽ ﻣﺘﺮ، وزن 8/5 ± 78/6 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم و ﻧﻤﺎﯾﻪ ﺗﻮده ﺑﺪﻧﯽ 3/23± 28 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻣﻌﯿﺎرﻫﺎی ورود ﺑﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﻫﻤﻪ ﺷﺮﮐﺖﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎن ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ازﻣﻮن ﻫﻮش وﮐﺴﻠﺮ وﯾﺮاﯾﺶ ﺳﻮم دارای ﮐﻢﺗﻮاﻧﯽ ﺧﻔﯿﻒ ذﻫﻨﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺿﺮﯾﺐ ﻫﻮﺷﯽ ﺑﯿﻦ 50 ﺗﺎ 75 ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. اﻣﺎدﮔﯽ ﺟﺴﻤﺎﻧﯽ ﺷﺮﮐﺖ ﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎن ﺑﺎ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﮥ ازﻣﻮﻧﯽ وﯾﮋه ﯾﻮروﻓﯿﺖ ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺷﺪ. ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ ﺑﺪن ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﯿﺎس ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ ﺑﺪن اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ در اﮐﺜﺮ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ اﻣﺎدﮔﯽ ﺟﺴﻤﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﯿﻦ زن و ﻣﺮد ﺑﻪ ﺟﺰ در ﺗﻌﺎدل ﭘﻮﯾﺎ و اﻧﻌﻄﺎف ﭘﺬﯾﺮی ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻣﻌﻨﯽ داری وﺟﻮد داﺷﺖ) 0/05 <P (. ﺑﯿﻦ ﺳﻄﻮح ﺑﻬﺮه ﻫﻮﺷﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﻪ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ اﻣﺎدﮔﯽ ﺟﺴﻤﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺰ اﻧﻌﻄﺎف ﭘﺬﯾﺮی ارﺗﺒﺎط ﻣﻌﻨﯽ داری وﺟﻮد داﺷﺖ) 0/05 <P (ﺳﻄﻮح ﺿﺮﯾﺐ ﻫﻮﺷﯽ ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت ﺑﺎ ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﻫﺎی اﻣﺎدﮔﯽ ﺟﺴﻤﺎﻧﯽ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﻮد، ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮری ﮐﻪ ﺷﺮﮐﺖ ﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎن ﺑﺎ ﺑﻬﺮه ﻫﻮﺷﯽ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦﺗﺮ، اﻣﺎدﮔﯽ ﺟﺴﻤﺎﻧﯽ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ ﺗﺮی ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ دﯾﮕﺮان داﺷﺘﻨﺪ. ﻣﻌﻠﻤﺎن ﺗﺮﺑﯿﺖ ﺑﺪﻧﯽ و ﻣﺮﺑﯿﺎن ﺑﺎﯾﺪ اﯾﻦ ﺗﻔﺎوتﻫﺎ را ﻫﻨﮕﺎم ﮐﺎر ﺑﺎ اﻓﺮاد دارای ﮐﻢ ﺗﻮاﻧﯽ ذﻫﻨﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺟﻨﺴﯿﺖﻫﺎی ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ و ﺳﻄﺢ ﻫﻮﺷﯽ ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت در ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﮕﯿﺮﻧﺪ.