چکیده:
Problem statement: The problem of space in the public domain of the city extends beyond the
simplistic definition used as “opposite of private space”. This issue is associated with the socio-spatial
structure of urban life and has multiple dimensions formed under the influence of various social,
economic, and political dynamics and the agency of city managers, designers, and citizens. Despite
the growing concerns about the performance of public spaces in recent decades, there is no consensus
among researchers about the different dimensions of “public space”. This issue has made it difficult to
develop theoretical perspectives and propose practical solutions for this interdisciplinary concept.
Research Objective: This study attempts to shed light on the various dimensions of the concept of
“public space” and show the contradictions and theoretical gaps in the existing theoretical literature.
By combining and criticizing the views, this study aims at developing a new conceptual model and
contributes to theory development and reconceptualization of public space.
Research method: In line with the purpose of the research, a integrative literature review method was
used to develop the theoretical foundations of public space. The data was collected by the bibliographic
research method and analyzed through content analysis and meta-analysis methods.
Conclusion: The conflicting definitions of public space are tied up with the concerns and interests of
multiple stakeholders and influenced by human, contextual, and institutional agencies contributing
to human actions. Publicness is a relative, abstract, and dynamic quality and, at the highest level of
performance, is the common denominator of the specific characteristics of each space and the response
of a multivariate equation, including the role of man, space, city, and time. Public space is a multidialectic
system, a contested entity with a wide range of meanings and uses. It does not lend itself to
a single definition because it is based on the relationships shaped between agencies, over time, and
across space. Different manifestations and possibilities are available to different stakeholders, including
citizens, designers, specialists, city managers, and power institutions. The substantive and functional
dimensions of public space change under the influence of a series of relationships as a chain reaction
and butterfly effect. A minor change in metropolitan processes, the context of public space, human
actions, or even the transformation of public space in another part of the city can have far-reaching and
unexpected consequences for the publicness of the space. The publicness of space should be explained
as a holistic value through an adaptable model by considering the set of factors involved in each
specific example and realized with larger strategies and long-term processes.