چکیده:
Like other bodies of water, the Black Sea has been given a number of
names. It was known as the Sea of Trebizond during the early Islamic
centuries due to the popularity of the Trebizond Port in the south coast of the
sea. Muslims in general and Iranian and Azeri merchants in particular
contributed to the boom of trade in this port. Thus, the sea was named after
its most important port because of its commercial significance for Iranians,
considering that they had been acquainted with the sea through this port. We
know such naming for other seas and ports; however, for some reasons, it is
considered as an exonym for Asian Minor, which has been part of the
Byzantine Empire for a long time. These reasons can be explored and
discussed within the context of the ties between Muslims and the Byzantine
Empire in the years before and even after the Battle of Manzikert. This study
examines the continuity and changes made in the names given to the Black
Sea, the reasons behind it, and the continuation of the two folk and formal
names given to it.
دریای سیاه نیز مانند دیگر ابها، نامهای متعددی دارد. در قرون اولیه اسلامی به دلیل محبوبیت بندر ترابیزون در ساحل جنوبی دریا به دریای ترابیزون معروف بود. مسلمانان به طور عام و بازرگانان ایرانی و اذری به طور خاص در رونق تجارت در این بندر سهیم بودند. از این رو، این دریا به دلیل اهمیت تجاری ان برای ایرانیان، با توجه به اینکه از طریق این بندر با دریا اشنا شده بودند، به نام مهم ترین بندر خود نامگذاری شد. ما چنین نامگذاری را برای دریاها و بنادر دیگر می شناسیم. با این حال، به دلایلی، ان را به عنوان نام مستعار اسیای صغیر، که برای مدت طولانی بخشی از امپراتوری بیزانس بوده است، در نظر می گیرند. این دلایل را می توان در چارچوب روابط بین مسلمانان و امپراتوری بیزانس در سال های قبل و حتی پس از نبرد مانزکرت بررسی و مورد بحث قرار داد. این پژوهش به بررسی تداوم و تغییرات ایجاد شده در نامهای دریای سیاه، دلایل ان و تداوم دو نام عامیانه و رسمی بر ان میپردازد.
خلاصه ماشینی:
This is while the trading economics of Azerbaijan depended on the Black Sea through Dvin and Port of Trebizond just as much as it was connected to the inner and northern areas of Iran.
The study draws upon the significance of Trebizond Port in the knowledge of the Persians of the Black Sea in the Middle Ages.
Research has been published outside Iran on the Black Sea, but in those studies no reference has been made to the historical relation between Trebizond and so naming.
Therefore, scholars wonder whether to study Trebizond under the Byzantine history or as a part of Anatolia and the Black Sea (Eastmond, 2004, preface: [xx]).
The port being discussed has a long history and is considered an important sailing port, but there are other significant ports along the Black Sea, and the fact that such a great scholar as al-Biruni named the body of water after this port is noteworthy.
In order to understand Abu Reyhan's account of the Trebizond Sea by the people of Khorasan, a reference must be made to Ibn Hawqal's chapter on Dvin, the capital of Armenia, which was Dabil in Muslim sources.
One of the earliest sources referred to the name of the Sea of Trebizond in the 13th century and in the early years of the Ilkhanids‟ rule was a book called Ajayeb al- Makhluqat wa Gharayeb al-Mowjudat by Zakariya bin Muhammad bin Mahmood al-Kufi Qazvini (died 1283) in two instances.