چکیده:
از منظر فرهنگستان علوم اسلامی، جهتداری علوم به سه معنای کارآمدی، متدولوژی و معرفتشناختی است. فرهنگستان مدعی است که معنای اول و دوم حتی بر مبنای معرفتشناختی رایج قابل اثبات است ولی معنای سوم صرفا با مبانی معرفتشناختی این مجموعه قابل اثبات است. هدف این پژوهش معرفی و نقد نظریه فرهنگستان علوم اسلامی درباره جهتداری معرفتشناختی علوم است و روش آن توصیفی-تحلیلی و از نوع کتابخانهای است. یافتهها نشانگر آن است که جهتداری علوم به معنای معرفتشناختی دارای پنج مبناست: اصل فاعلیّت بهجای اصل علیّت، تناسب صورت با خارج بهجای تطابق آن دو، ارزیابی معرفت با سنجه حق و باطل به جای صدق و کذب، نسبیت در فهم و آمیختگی انگیزه و انگیخته. همه این مبانی با نقد جدی مواجه هستند. این دیدگاه به نتایجی از جمله نسبیت گرایی منتهی میگردد که آن را غیرقابل پذیرش میکند.
Introduction: Qom Academy of Islamic Sciences was founded by
Seyyed Muniruddin Hosseini, and after his death, it is managed by Hojat
al-Islam Seyyed Mohammad Mahdi Mirbaghri. This collection has unique
ideas. What differentiates the theory of the academy in various subjects
such as humanities, religious science, Islamic civilization, western studies,
etc., is more than anything rooted in the epistemological opinions of this
collection. On the other hand, the theory of orientation of science can be
introduced as the main result and product of this type of epistemology.
This article consists of three parts. First, the term orientation is
conceptualized and its three meanings are examined from the
perspective of the academy. In the next part, the foundations and
epistemological principles governing the orientation of sciences (the
third meaning) are explained. And in the final part, these principles will
be criticized and evaluated. The method of this research is descriptiveanalytical
and library type. The findings show that from the perspective
of the Academy of Islamic Sciences, the direction of science has three
meanings: efficiency, methodology and epistemology. Farhangistan
claims that the first and second meanings can be proven even on the
common epistemological basis, but the third meaning is based only on
the epistemological foundations of this collection.
Findings: The direction of science in the epistemological sense has
five foundations:
First: the principle of effectiveness instead of the principle of
causality; That is, when a person enters the operation of understanding,
it is not only chemical interactions that determine the fate of
knowledge. Rather, a more important role is played by the originality of
a person's agency and will.
Second: the fit of the face with the exterior instead of the matching
of the two; That is, according to the process of effectiveness and the
effect of wills in understanding and on the other hand, the
unreasonableness of matching the face and the outside, the matching of
the mental face with the outside is bound and becomes "proportion".
That is, the perception or perceptual form is proportional to reality,
evidence and other things.
Third, evaluation of knowledge by measuring truth and falsehood
instead of truth and falsehood; That is, the evaluation of human
knowledge should use the criteria of "right" and "false". in the process
of understanding before the discovery of reality occurs; An optional
operation has been performed. If the conscious agent's will in the
process of understanding is in accordance with God's servitude and
obedience, his understanding will be right, and if it is based on rebellion
and disobedience to God, his understanding will be invalid.
Fourth: Relativity in understanding and worship; The difference in
understanding is rooted in the relativity of worship. Where there is
infallibility in worship, there will be no difference in understanding.
Fifth: the combination of motivation and motivation; To the extent
that the motivations are incorrect, the motivations and the content will
be inherently affected, and the motivations cannot be separated from the
motivation and used for other purposes.
Conclusion: Since all these foundations face serious criticism, this
theory is also unacceptable. Other theories of the academy, which are
based on this type of epistemology, will become indefensible. Among
others, we can mention the theory of "direction of science", "religious
science" and ‘philosophizing’.