چکیده:
توسعۀ معاملات بینالمللی و بهرهبرداری تجاری از داراییهای فکری، بر ضرورت ایجاد شیوههای حل اختلافات در حوزۀ مالکیت فکری متناسب با مقتضیات بینالمللی افزوده است. ویژگیهای خاص حقوق مالکیت فکری و دعاوی آن مانند سرزمینی بودن، تخصصی بودن، نقض گسترده در حوزههای قضایی مختلف، اهمیت محرمانگی، طولانی بودن فرایند و هزینههای هنگفت دادرسی، فقدان کنوانسیون بینالمللی در زمینۀ اجرای احکام قضایی مالکیت فکری، از مهمترین دلایلی است که کارامدی رسیدگی قضایی به این دعاوی را تحت تأثیر قرار داده است. روشهای غیرقضایی حل اختلاف که اغلب تشریفات و هزینۀ کمتر و سرعت بیشتری دارند، بسیاری از این مشکلات را کاهش میدهند. در میان روشهای غیرقضایی، میانجیگری دارای مزایایی است که با در نظر گرفتن خصایص داراییهای فکری و در مقایسه با سایر روشها موفقیت بیشتری در حلوفصل این اختلافات دارد. این مقاله که با روش تحلیلی توصیفی تدوین و دادهها از طریق مطالعۀ کتابخانهای و تحقیق میدانی تهیه شده است، درصدد پاسخگویی به این پرسش است که نهاد میانجیگری چه کارکردهایی برای حل اختلافات مالکیت فکری دارد و به این نتیجه میرسد که حل اختلافات در بخش عمدهای از دعاوی مالکیت فکری از طریق میانجیگری بهدلیل خصایصی چون سرعت و سهولت، محرمانگی، انعطافپذیری و امکان استفاده از راهحلهای خلاقانه بهعنوان توافق نهایی، کارامدی مطلوبی دارد.
the huge costs of international proceedings. The lack of an international
convention on the enforcement of intellectual property judgments is one of
the most important reasons that has affected the efficiency of judicial
proceedings in these cases. Non-judicial dispute resolution methods, which
mainly have fewer formalities and costs and are faster, reduce many of these
problems.
Among the non-judicial methods, mediation has the advantage of
considering the characteristics of intellectual property, and compared to other
methods, it is more successful in resolving these disputes. The
interdisciplinary nature of most intellectual property claims and the need for
various expertise to resolve disputes and the possibility of examining
complex intellectual property cases, especially patent claims, by technical
experts in the shortest time compared to other methods and often at a much
lower cost, territorial nature of intellectual property rights and solving the
problem of conflict in the jurisdiction of national and international courts and
reducing the risk of issuing conflicting opinions, reducing the damage of the
owner of the intellectual work due to the urgency and speed of mediation in
resolving the dispute, focusing on the mutual interests of the parties and
resolving the dispute amicably and, as a result, maintaining the commercial
relations of the parties in long-term contracts that sometimes cover the entire
The development of international transactions and the commercial
exploitation of intellectual property has increased the necessity of creating
dispute resolution methods in the field of intellectual property in accordance
with international requirements. The parties to the dispute are looking for
efficient, flexible, and low-cost dispute resolution mechanisms that will not
disrupt their business relations. This is despite the fact that intellectual
property disputes often lead to long and expensive lawsuits due to the
territorial nature, diversity of rights, and technical complexities that result
from the integration of different fields such as artificial intelligence with
other fields, which is not favorable for the courts and litigants. Therefore,
intellectual property rights holders have turned to methods that are more
under the control and management of the disputing parties to resolve
disputes. The special features of intellectual property rights and its lawsuits,
such as territoriality, the specialization of intellectual property issues,
conflicts in the jurisdiction of courts, widespread violations in different
jurisdictions, the importance of confidentiality, the length of the process, and
period of protection of intellectual property, the suitability of the rapid
development of technology, and the rapid diffusion of intellectual properties
due to their intangible nature with the speed of dispute resolution in
mediation compared to the slowness of judicial proceedings, extraordinary
flexibility in the dispute resolution process and the possibility of adopting
creative solutions such as concluding a license agreement, technology
transfer, integration, cooperation in research and development, and
agreement on the division of patent within a specific territorial area instead of
being limited to the specific Judicial decisions such as revocation, financial
damage, and etc. are the advantages of this method in solving intellectual
property disputes compared to other alternative methods.
Also, privacy and confidentiality and maintaining the technical and
commercial secrets of the parties, avoiding the reinterpretation of the claim in
court and the risk of narrowing the claims, reducing the risk of patent
invalidation, avoiding the research process, and obtaining the opinions of
multiple experts due to the complexities of intellectual property claims,
especially patent lawsuits and its costs, complete control of the parties on the
determination of proceedings and the absence of legal dates and deadlines,
being held in a single stage and with quick results, lack of legal obligation of
the parties to accept the mediator's recommendations and suggestions, and
the optionality of the procedure that leads to the parties not resorting to
useless tricks or objections to slow down or create obstacles in the mediation
process. Another reason is the effectiveness of mediation in resolving
intellectual property disputes. A field research has been prepared to
answer the question of what functions the mediation institution has to resolve
intellectual property disputes and it comes to the conclusion that mediation is
effective in all aspects of the conflict, including judicial and non-judicial
elements such as commercial interests, feelings, and other conditions of
companions. Considering the dispute and empowering the parties, it allows
them to find the right solution based on their special interests and needs.
Therefore, it can be said that although dispute resolution through mediation
is not considered the only appropriate method for resolving intellectual
property disputes, it has desirable functions and is efficient in most of these
disputes.