چکیده:
این پژوهش به منظور شناسایی مشکلات زبان آموزی کودکان اول ابتدایی در مناطق دوزبانه ترک و عرب زبان در حوزه درکی شنیداری، گفتاری، خوانداری و نوشتاری زبان فارسی انجام شده است. یافته ها نشان می دهد کودکان این مناطق در دو ماه مهر و آبان، مشکلات درکی شنیداری بیش تری دارند. در گفتار، از میان ساخت واژه های فارسی، اسم را با صحت بیش تری به کار می برند. در خواندار و نوشتار مشکلاتی مربوط به نداشتن آمادگی برای خواندن و نوشتن به چشم می خورد. در بررسی تطبیقی بین ترکی و عربی با زبان فارسی و نیز مقایسه نتایج آن با یافته های پیمایشی این پژوهش، چنین بر می آید که زبان فارسی با زبان ترکی و عربی دارای وجوه افتراق و تشابه هایی است که افتراق عامل مهم تری برای ایجاد مشکلات در آموزش زبان فارسی است و برعکس، اشتراکات آوایی، ساخت واژی و نحوی بین دو زبان مادری و فارسی، آموزش آن را در حکم زبان دوم تسهیل می کند.
This study is aimed at exploring the difficulties of learning Persian among bilingual pupils at first grade level in Turkish and Arabic speaking areas. Language skills such as conceptual-aural, speaking, reading, writing in phonetic morphological (i.e. nouns, pronouns, verbs, adverbs and adjectives) and syntax were examined.
The findings suggest that the first two months of school- namely Mehr and Aban - witness the most problems in conceptual-aural aspects oflanguage skills for children living in such areas. This problem reduces in the following months. In speaking, nouns are better pronounced. The most difficulty appears to be in conjugating verbs mainly in Arabic speaking areas. In general, the more common and simple terminologies are used more often in their speech. Their sentences are limited and have grammatical errors. In reading and writing problems such as lack of readiness to read and write and other technicalities exist. In areas where language is not the concern, socio-cultural problems regarding the educational programmeson the one hand and community issues on the other hand are apparent. When comparing Arabic and Turkish with the Persian language structure, many differences and similarities are found in which the difference play a major role in the difficulties caused in learning the Persian language for these pupils. In the same way the similarities in pronunciation, vocabulary and the grammar of the mother tongue and Persian make it easier to learn the second language. In such process the pupils go through the same stages as learning their mother tongue. In this study, after examining the difficulties of bilingual pupils in Turkish and Arabic speaking areas, and studying the different accents in Iran, the source of the mother tongue languages with Persian have been observed.