چکیده:
In general, the modern state In the West was the product ofrelatlonshlp1 and lntenctlon, of socio-political actor, In the pre• capitalist order. The Chrl1tlanlty'1 approach toward the phenomenon of power tumed out to be the 1tart1n1·polnt for the. modern state In the West. In revene, Iran's pre-caplt1l11t order did not transform to the new order In the from of the order state In the period between the dl11olutlon of th, S111nld till the RJse of the Safavld and even In the epoch of the dominance of11l1mlc ldeoloay. In the West, Chrl1tlanlty with lt1 worldly cultural slnp In the political, economic and social arena, erected an order which found an earthly nature save Its divine origin. In Iran, Islam with Its cultunl 1l1ns deterred the tnnsltlon to the new order of the modern 1tate In the political, economic and aoclal aren11. Politically the lack oflnstltutional segreaatlon between poUtlcs an'd rellaton a1 the most Important Islamic cultural sign In the arena of political pnwer Inhibited the terrltorlal Independence of Iranian 1tate from the Islamic Empire. The Iranian state adapted lt1 territorial relationship• to the framework of l11lamlc Omma'. The non· reco1nltlon of private land owner1hlp and noaexl1tence of Independent economic sector which found their roots In l1lamlc cultural slans barred the rise of a feudal sy1tem 11 the economic cornerstone of the new order. From the social 1tandpolnt, the emeraence of 1ame social cla11es as the 1oclal carriers of lllam and guardian, of the traditional order on the one band, and suppression of carrier classes of the new order by the CaUphite 1y1tem on the other. hand, deterred the shaping of the new political order In the form of the modern state.
خلاصه ماشینی:
Having eradicated the private ownership and suppressed the independent social classes, the central power practically inhibited the formation of the feudal system and transition to the new order in the form of modem state.
Cultural Approach In Examining the Historical Background of · the Modern State In Iran Contrary to the theory of Asiatic ode of production that attributes the lack of the feudal system in the Iranian pre-capitalist order and nontransition to the new political order or the modem state, to the economic and environmental factors, the author strives to explain this trend by considering then cultural system and state-building characteristics of the Islamic ideology.
Consequently, religions as the most significant consolidating elements of the pre• capitalist order possess different cultural signs and idea systems that are able to affect the shaping of the system of the modem state politically, economically and socially.
Cultural signs of Islam: divine and omma - based order As mentioned earlier, the transition backgrounds to the order of the modern state can be studied politically (the nature of power), economically (shaping of the economic capitalist order) and socially (the rise of the carrier classes of the modern system).
Based on these cultural signs, no independent social group or class appeared all over the Islamic Empire to challenge then political system, The government land an established sovereignty which represented the Almighty' power.
Due to the lack of private ownership and nonexistence of independent social classes and groups, the feudal system and transition bases to the new political system in the form of the modem state did not materialize in Iran.