خلاصه ماشینی:
"Accepting that modernity was the major drive behind establishing new educational institutions and that modernity in that period meant acquiring the science and technology of Western culture and applying them to overcome social underdevelopment and safeguard national interests is in contradiction with saying that emerging problems led the management of the university to resort to Western education and thereby diminish its domestic and national charater.
It has been clearly mentioned in Azghandi 's work and other historical books that the purpose of establishing modern educational institutions in Iran, especially universities, was applying ~he modem science and technology which had emerged in the West, whereas the traditionalists had established another foundation for academic studies upon the following four fundamental principles: l.
The major root to all this is to be sought in the major attempts made to modernize Iran during the era of the Qajar dynasty and by the constitutionalists in which there were progressive tendencies arising from understanding Iran's underdevelopment and the scientific and technological advancement of the West and also the historical necessity of reform and military, political, social, economic, and cultural change in Iran.
In his conclusion, Kassrayi returns to the main question of his book on the roots of the failure of modernity by stating that the historical shortcomings of the social structure of Iran, the structural deficiencies of the bourgeoisie, and the underdeveloped status of this social class did not allow the formation of a modern social force which could absorb the new group of modernist intellectuals who were mainly graduates of Western universities and thus failed to achieve its objectives and ideals."