خلاصه ماشینی:
As geographers probe further into the truth of the human phenomena, be it the interrelationship of people (individually or as groups) in their physical or social environment, the spatial and temporal distribution of human creations, or the organization of society and social pro-cesses, and as they draw increasingly from extraneous disciplines in the course of such probing, it has become more and more obvious that it is now impossible to forge and maintain a singular human geography.
Since meanings are created and communicated through metaphors which signify that understanding is never purely individual but communal, never purely intellectual but experiential, and never purely theoretical but practical, 6 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 9:1 it is thought possible to erect, via metaphors which people use, a humanistic geography which is simultaneously critical (in questioning rather than bracketing our presuppositions), hermeneutic (in interpreting the meanings behind the par-ticular action), and empirical (in examining the subjectively interpreted objec-tive world) (Harrison and Livingstone 1982).
Overcoming the Impasse: An Islamic Review4 It seems that the chances of human geography solving its prevailing epistemological impasse will depend on the ability of structuration theory to: (1) solve the problem of operationalizing its framework empirically so that empirical (concrete) research can be conducted to substantiate it; (2) unify analyses of the micro-, the meso-, and the macrostruc- tures into a coherent whole; and (3) justify the intelligibility of theoretical realism in which the theory is grounded.
It has also provided a brief account of the ar-ticulation of structuration theory as a major attempt by human geographers to solve the epistemological impasse that results from conflicting philosophies 16 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 9:1 in the discipline.