خلاصه ماشینی:
These are: area studies programs, graduate departments of religious studies, a particular social science, a humanities field, or even a traditional Islamic education followed by a period of training in a W estern academic institution.
Somewhat broader disciplinary gatherings are the Association for the Study of Middle Eastern and South Asian Muslim Societies, held at Villanova University every spring, and the Association of Muslim Social Scientists, which concentrates on the theme of Islamic thought in relationship to the humanities and the social sciences.
Adams concluded that "it is difficult to see a direct and fructifying relationship between the activities of the Islamicist and those of historians of religions/" But by the early 1980s, a prominent historian of religion was pleased to cite a growing number of scholars trained in Islamics with a strong religious studies background whose work evidenced just this sort of mutually productive dialogue between fields.
The reader is referred to the introductory chapter on "Islamic Studies within Scholarship in the History of Religions" for a review of the development of methodological concerns within each field.
A recent tendency of appointing social scientists not particularly grounded in the religious tradition to positions in Islamic studies within religion departments at American universities may reflect this trend.
While anthropologists and historians were interested in the Sufis' political and social activities, scholars of Islam focused recently on studies of individual Sufis and their writings, particularly by contributing important translations of works in the classical tradition.