چکیده:
This study aims to presents a critical assessment of the incorrect views and verdicts and false narrations reported by Wakee' bin al-Jarrah, a renowned Sunni figure. The writer holds that Wakee' bin al-Jarrah like many other prominent Sunni figures harbored malice against the infallible Imams (a.s.) and that he acted in favor of their enemies and adopted an approach antagonistic to the Quran, tradition and conduct of the Holy Prophet who reiterated on the scientific and spiritual position of the Ahlul-Bayt (a.s.). The root cause of enmity against the family of the Prophet (pbuh) has to be traced in the poisonous atmosphere created by Bani Abbas in pursuit of Bani Umayyad's policies. In this murky atmosphere, the Ahlul-Bayt and their friends were under great pressure and were tightly controlled by their enemies who were living a peaceful and tranquil life and who went wherever they wanted. This article makes mention of the causes behind the enmity against the Ahlul-Bayt (a.s.).The discussion concerning divine attributes has been of great importance amongst theists who subscribe to various traditions. Muslim and Christian theologians consider God's existence as an indisputable and indubitable principle, one that causes them to embark on studying and enumerating the divine attributes. A great many attributes have been ascribed to God both in the Christian as well as Islamic cultures. These attributes can be divided into two categories: Attributes that can be ascribed to both man as well as God and attributes that are exclusive to God and which cannot be ascribed to man in the same sense. As per the custom and tradition of these two religions, almost twelve attributes are ascribed to God. The present inquiry, with reliance on conceptual study, historical background and classification of the attributes, makes a comparative study of the attributes in Islamic and Christian tradition. In fact, the attributes which have been the focus attention in this inquiry are part of the attributes which Muslims and Christian monotheists ascribe to God. Interaction between Shiites and Sunnis in the past had been part of the most necessary issues of the Islamic society and it is still considered to be a crucial need of Muslim communities. However, studying and examining the interaction between the two Islamic sects in the past can enable us to identify appropriate ways for interaction in the present time. The Shia-Sunni interaction in the past can be studied from various political, social, intellectual, cultural, scientific and educational angles. In this study, the scientific and educational interaction between Shiites and Sunnis during the last quarter of the fourth century and first half of the fifth century has been studied. A cursory look into the historical sources of this period will clearly prove the fact that Shiite and Sunni scholars had interaction with each other in various scientific and educational arenas in the said period. They engaged in criticizing and studying the jurisprudential views of each other in their books which are at present known as comparative jurisprudence. They used to set up educational circles with scholars and jurists from both sects attending them. Also, they held debates and scientific dialogues with each other.This article first gives the definitions of some technical terms and then elaborates on the common views held by the two sects whereupon explanations are given on their special views. According to the followers of the caliphs' school, the above hadith has been transmitted in three ways. It has been generally accepted that the narrators who have passed this on to the succeeding generations are reliable. The narrators on one of the chains of transmission have been evaluated at length and it has been proved that all of them are trustworthy according to Sunni biographers. As for the content of the narration, the biographers are not unanimous about it. They have different opinions as to who the Imam is. The view of the followers of the school of Ahlul-Bayt (a.s.) has also been studied in two parts with the chain of transmission, connotations and implications of the tradition included. The chain of the transmission of the hadith has been assessed as excellent. As for the content of the hadith, the Shiite scholars have a unified view; they maintain that an Imam is one who has been appointed by God and has special characteristics. This concept is extractable from this tradition. In fact, in view of the terms used in this prophetic tradition, it cannot have any meaning other than this. In this article, we have made a thorough examination of the subject concerning the refutation of the inheritance of prophets especially the Prophet of Islam (pbuh). We have researched the topic from different aspects and studied meticulously the textual proofs existing as to refutation of the inheritance of prophets. The implications of those proofs, the singularity or plurality of the meanings have been discussed and analyzed. Then, we have studied the Prophet’s hadith "We the Prophets do not leave heirs" on the basis of the principles of Ilm al-Rijal and legal theories and in the ensuing step, the text of hadith, its words and rhetorical mould have been scrutinized and contemplated over. In the closing, its dichotomy with other proofs such as sunnah and the stance of companions living in the time of the Holy Prophet (pbuh) in this respect and its disagreement with the Book have been analyzed and evaluated. Islam is the religion of peace, mercy and logic. It does not seek the promulgation and propagation of its beliefs and objectives through violence. Explaining Islamic perspective concerning the Torah, Gospel and the followers of Judaism and Christianity can help pave the way for laying the foundation of lasting and sustainable global peace. Although inter-faith dialogue has been propounded by some intellectuals to attain understanding and global peace, very little has been done to actualize the said objective. This study aims to demonstrate, as far as it can, some of the angles of Islamic view towards the two testaments and Ahl-e Kitab (the People of Scripture). Is society a real and independent entity or is it a mentally posited concept and that it is only the individual that is real? The present study addresses the above question from the perspective of Martyr Mutahhari. He holds that the individual "I" and the collective "I" are both real. Naturally, he believes that the society is real and that it dies and lives and has a single soul that enters the individual and forms the collective "I". Since he is a philosopher as well as a prominent Shiite scholar and interpreter of the Quran, he has endeavored in his works to render the perspective of the Quran in this regard. Some criticisms have been turned towards his claim and arguments. Although some of the criticisms are refutable, it seems that on the whole it is not easy to accept the society as a real entity and attaining a conclusion in this regard stands in need of lengthy research work. In this article, the meaning and history of the language of Quran have been briefly explained whereupon reference has been made to the two so-called technical meanings of allegory (i.e. proverb and assimilation) cum their instances. Then the allegorical and symbolical language of some of the Quran which some interpreters of the Quran have pointed out has been clarified and unlike what has been asserted by Ahmad Khalfullah and some other contemporary writers, it has been said that those stories are meant for their spiritual and moral hints.