چکیده:
In this study, the social welfare impacts of the interaction of Iranian rice import policies and Thai export policies are analyzed using a game theoretic approach in conjunction with econometric supply and demand models. The joint impacts of increasing the world price of rice, resulting from the export policies in Thailand along with changes in tariff rates in Iran, on social welfare are analyzed in the two countries. Because Iran is a small country in terms of the volume of world rice trade its policies do not influence Thai social welfare. Results of this study show that in order to maximize its own social welfare, the government should impose a modest tariff rate of approximately 3%. This is much less than the actual tariff rate applied in recent years, e.g. 19% in 2007.
خلاصه ماشینی:
"However, the Iranian policy makers can respond to world price changes by adjusting import tariff rates that in turn affect domestic social welfare.
Various policies can be used to influence the balance between production and consumption, including tariffs, the volume of rice imports, input subsidies, credit programs, guaranteed prices, and the distribution of coupons for purchases at concessional prices (Najafi, 1999; Bakhshoodeh and Thomson, 2006).
This paper investigates the interaction between Thai and Iranian rice policies and the impacts of world price changes on Iran's social welfare.
3. Methodology In this study, empirical supply and demand models and their respected elasticity estimates in Iranian rice market as well as export demand for Thailand are estimated to illustrate the interaction of the two country policies and its impact on social welfare in Iran.
Following Lee and Kennedy (2002), we assume that policymakers seek to maximize a political preference function (PPF) consisting of producer surplus, consumer surplus and government expenditure (revenue) by choosing optimal domestic producer and consumer prices (equation 1): (1) Where and denote producers’ surplus, consumers’ surplus and change in government revenue, respectively, and applying Mathcad software are calculated in different prices resulted from different policies.
Finally, we computed consumer and producer surpluses for various scenarios for changes in the Thai export price and tariff rates in Iran.
A social welfare approach is applied to measure the payoff matrix for these countries of varying the import tariff in Iran and the export price in Thailand."