چکیده:
Urban old textures can be regarded as a disease in city structures. Many factors cause such illness including, lack of obedience from an orderly program, spatial and physical factors, environmental, economic, and social causes, and so on. The damaging effects of each of these factors reduces environmental values of the cities. This results in a pause in the renewal of urban old textures.Despite some imaginations that argue: The old urban textures are costly for the government, many countries take this as a golden opportunity for economic development, unemployment reduction, strengthening residential buildings, and the increasing of settlements. For overcoming such an urban problem, and with the aim of environmental promotion of cities, there is a need for replanning and renewing of old urban textures with a better exploitation of public participation.Looking at the rural construction in several areas of the country would prove the wise explanation of residences from the available materials and their trial in better utilization of materials to fulfill their requirements. Perhaps these materials technically have less stability, but their selection and utilization resolve most of the social, economic and even environmental problems of their residences. In the current article while the role and the rate of impact on materials used in physical structure of residential unites are evaluated, the rate of correlation and relationship between these factors has been indentified using the Pearson correlation. The statistical society of the research was consisted of 15 villages of East Azerbaijan with different topographies.The significance of our test in each case was finally approved indicating the P values of <0.05, and <0.01. The results indicate that there are strong fluctuations in the dates of freezing occurrences in all four thresholds in spring season compared to fall season.Freezing is a situation in which the air temperature drops below zero degrees centigrade. An accurate knowledge on the fluctuations of freezing dates can help us protect daily agricultural activities, particularly those being sensitive for temperature fluctuations. In this paper, we have studied the fluctuations in freezing dates of the first freezing of the fall and the last freezing of winter seasons in 4 temperature thresholds of A= (-2.2 to zero), B= (-2.2 to -4.4), C= (-4.4 to -6.6), and D= (-6.6 and lower) of Ahar township for a 20 year period. After extracting the dates of first and last freezing dates of fall and winter seasons respectively, we established the first day of Persian month (Mehr) as the basis for Julius calendar, then calculated the daily freezing amounts on the above-mentioned thresholds. The normality of the data was confirmed with a confidence level of 95%, and the freezing occurrence dates were also determined in different confidence limits of 99.9%, 95%, 90%, 80%, and 60%. 1-Associate Professor, Islamic Azad University, Ahar Branch.2- M.A. in Physical Geography (Climatology) from Islamic Azad University, Ahar Branch. Precipitation, as one of the main climatic elements, could be also regarded as the most important environmental index in any geographic area. In the past few years, Marand County, located in the north-west of Iran, has experienced some meaningful variations in rainfall values. Accordingly, the main objective of this study was to extract temporal and spatial distribution of Marand County rainfall values, using a few simple graphical, statistical and a Geographic Information System (GIS) procedures.Having these purposes, all available rainfall records, taking from each existent climatic station, were analyzed. At the first step, primary descriptive parameters including: raw data, smoothed values, averages and fluctuating factors have been graphically displayed. At the second stage, all seasonal and annual rainfall distribution maps were calculated and mapped applying a GIS technique. As a whole, the results found were indicators of some meaningful variations and fluctuations in all scales over the time addressed.The water fluctuation rates due to the drought (1996-2004) affected economic and social activities of rural regions. The rate of water change has been intensive in rural Qanats and during spring. Qanat abundance in rural region of Shandiz has affected farming and productivity of farms. Shandiz district having 330 km2 area, is located in Binalod zone. The price of water extracted from Qanats was 90000 tomans per hour in 1996, being increased to about 525000 tomans in 2004. The increment of water prices to such a big amount was not experienced during the last half of the century.This article aims at introducing the city, its history, fame, tourism and other characteristics. Results indicate that despite its famousness, this unique site has not had enough tourists.Sistan is a desert in eastern Iran near Hamoon Lake. Burnt City, situated in Sistan and Baluchestan Province in southeast of Iran, is one of the most important pre-historic sites of the country. Eight seasons of archaeological excavations in the site show that Burnt City was an important center of civilization and trade some 5000 years ago. This city is regarded as a crucial historical site in the eastern Iranian plateau.Burnt City is one of the key historical sites of Iran. Some unique relics such as the animated figure of a goat on a clay barrel, which is believed to be the first animation work in the history of the world, and a very unique backgammon, which is also believed to be the oldest one in the world, have been discovered in this historical site during the archeological excavations. The first brain surgery and other initial operations indicated importance of this city. 1-Assistant Professor, Geography Department, University of Zabol.Maymand rocky village is located 32 km from north east of shahre-babak city in kerman Province. This village is regarded as one of the oldest habitats of the world, exhibiting a wonderful civilization. The houses are built on natural landscapes, most of which being geological fromations. The purpose of this article is to introduce the tourism potentials of this village. The village can be taken into more consideration as one of the main recreation centers in the area, and in the world. The pesonal observations and surveys in the area have been utilized for this purpose.
خلاصه ماشینی:
"Student of Urban Geography from Islamic Azad University, Rey Branch.
A. in Geography and Urban Planning from Islamic Azad University, Rey Branch.
Keywords: Dr. Ali Mohammad Khorshiddoust 1 Roghayyeh Salmanpour 2 The Analysis of Freezing Fluctuations and Thresholds of Fall and Spring Seasons in Ahar Township Abstract : Dr. Gholam Hossein Bibak 1 Study of Rainfall Characteristics of Marand County Abstract 1- Assistant Professor, Islamic Azad University, Marand Branch.
Dr. Abolfazl Behniafar 1 Dr. Hadi Ghanbarzadeh 2 The Rate of Water Fluctuations Affected by Droughts in Rural Settelments, Case of Districts of Mashhad (1996-2004) Abstract Keywords: 1- Assistant Professor, Islamic Azad university, Mashhad Branch.
Keywords: Dr. Khodarahm Bezzi 1 Burnt City From Famousness to Tourism Abstract Rokhsare Asadi 1 Dr. Hassan Abbasi 2 An Investigation into the Historical Village of Maymand in Attractive Tourism Aspects Abstract Keywords: 1- Academic Member at Islamic Azad University, Shahre-Babak Branch.
2- Academic Member at Islamic Azad University, Shahre-Babak Branch."